Results of Saphenous Vein Graft Stent Implantation: Single Center Results from Use of Oversized Balloon Catheters

Abstract

The results and complications of a single-center experience of stent implantation in old saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) need to be defined. The authors studied their initial consecutive 92 patients (125 stents, 1.4 stents/per patient) with a mean age of 67+/-9 years. The patients' mean saphenous vein graft (SVG) age was 10+/-4 years, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 46%+/-15. Patient population included unstable angina (65%), stable angina (10%), myocardial infarction (21%), and silent ischemia (4%). The authors implanted 122 Palmaz-Schatz/biliary and three Gianturco-Roubin stents. They aimed at a balloon-artery ratio of 1.1/1.0. Procedural success, defined as stent deployment with <50% stenosis without death/Q-wave myocardial infarction/coronary artery bypass grafting (MI/CABG) was 95%. The mean luminal diameter (MLD) increased from 0.6+/-0.5 to 3.3+/-0.8 mm (p<0.001) and mean SVG stenosis diameter was decreased from 80%+/-14 to -10%+/-11 (p<0.001). Angiographic SVG lesions exhibited thrombus (17%), ulceration (38%), and plaque rupture (28%). Sixty-two patients were treated with warfarin and aspirin and 30 with ticlid and aspirin. Complications included death in three patients (3.3%) who sustained subacute stent thrombosis, and two of three had Q-wave MI. Distal embolization occurred in seven patients (8%); six of seven sustained a non Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI); and one of seven a Q-wave MI. Eight (9%) patients had major groin hematoma, two had pseudoaneurysm (2.2%), one had arteriovenous (A-V) fistula (1.1%), two had vascular surgery (2.2%), nine had blood transfusion (9.8%), and three had stent migration (3.3%). Single-center experience with stents in SVGs indicates a highly successful procedural and angiographic immediate result. However, it was complicated by significant risk of non Q-wave MI due to distal coronary embolization which may affect prognosis.