Results of Measurements of the Concentration of Positive Ions in the Atmosphere, Using Ion Traps Mounted on the Third Soviet Earth Satellite

Gringauz, K. I.; Безруких, В. В.; Ozerov, V. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5959-1_5

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Later, Parker (1958) predicted the existence of the wind. Early experimental confirmation soon followed (Gringauz et al 1960;Gringauz 1961;Snyder and Neugebauer 1966), but the significance of those observations was not appreciated until later Wilcox 1964, 1966;Gringauz et al 1967). Measurements on Explorer 10 soon showed that the wind was continuous, filled the heliosphere, and, at least near solar minimum, existed in two states: fast, with velocities up to 800 km/s, and slow, with velocities more in the range of 200-350 km/s (Bonetti et al 1963;Bridge et al 1961;Scherb 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence in the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind

Petrosyan

Balogh

Goldstein³

et al. 2010

Space Sci Rev

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The objective of this review article is to critically analyze turbulence and its role in the solar atmosphere and solar wind, as well as to provide a tutorial overview of topics worth clarification. Although turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the sun and its heliosphere, many open questions exist concerning the physical mechanisms of turbulence generation in solar environment. Also, the spatial and temporal evolution of the turbulence A. Petrosyan ( ) Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy Sciences,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence in the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind

Petrosyan

Balogh

Goldstein³

et al. 2010

Space Sci Rev

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“…The figure shows averaged data of measurements of the concentration on May 19 (curve 3), derived from the diagram in Ref. 7. It is readily seen that curve 3 coincides satisfactorily with the average dependence on altitude of the 0 + ion concentration and the variations of the electron concentration.…”

Section: Altitude Variations Of Positive Ion Concentrations Accordingmentioning

confidence: 50%

Altitude Variations of Positive Ion Concetrations According to Mass Spectrometer Data From the Third Sputnik

Istomin¹

1962

ARS Journal

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“…Such contradiction was finally overcome by E. Parker, who realized that the hydrodynamic modeling also admitted the alternative solution of a solar corona rapidly accelerated to a supersonic flow, then named the solar wind (Parker, 1958). Although Parker's idea was heavily contrasted, the birth of space exploration soon resulted in a series of experimental evidences confirming the existence of solar wind particles, which were first provided by the spacecraft Lunik 2, Lunik 3 (Gringauz et al, 1960) and Mariner 2 (Neugebauer and Snyder, 1962).…”

Section: The Heliosphere and The Solar Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Laws for the Energy Transfer in Space Plasma Turbulence

Marino,

Sorriso-Valvo

2023

Preprint

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One characteristic trait of space plasmas is the multi-scale dynamics resulting from non-linear transfers and conversions of various forms of energy. Routinely evidenced in a range from the large-scale solar structures down to the characteristic scales of ions and electrons, turbulence is a major cross-scale energy transfer mechanism in space plasmas. At intermediate scales, the fate of the energy in the outer space is mainly determined by the interplay of turbulent motions and propagating waves. More mechanisms are advocated to account for the transfer and conversion of energy, including magnetic reconnection, emission of radiation and particle energization, all contributing to make the dynamical state of solar and heliospheric plasmas difficult to predict. The characterization of the energy transfer in space plasmas benefited from numerous robotic missions. However, together with breakthrough technologies, novel theoretical developments and methodologies for the analysis of data played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of how energy is transferred across the scales in the space. In recent decades, several scaling laws were obtained providing effective ways to model the energy flux in turbulent plasmas. Under certain assumptions, these relations enabled to utilize reduced knowledge (in terms of degrees of freedom) of the fields from spacecraft observations to obtain direct estimates of the energy transfer rates (and not only) in the interplanetary space, also in the proximity of the Sun and planets. Starting from the first third-order exact law for the magnetohydrodynamics by Politano and Pouquet (1998), we present a detailed review of the main scaling laws for the energy transfer in plasma turbulence and their application, presenting theoretical, numerical and observational milestones of what has become one of the main approaches for the characterization of turbulent dynamics and energetics in space plasmas. Copyright permission for the seminar banner granted by [ESA/ATG medialab](https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/06/Solar_Orbiter_reaches_first_perihelion).

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Results of Measurements of the Concentration of Positive Ions in the Atmosphere, Using Ion Traps Mounted on the Third Soviet Earth Satellite

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Turbulence in the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind

Turbulence in the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind

Altitude Variations of Positive Ion Concetrations According to Mass Spectrometer Data From the Third Sputnik

Scaling Laws for the Energy Transfer in Space Plasma Turbulence

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