Restructuring the Chinese Freight Railway: Two Scenarios

Cui, Shana; Pittman, Russell; Zhao, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.aglobe.2021.100002

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This choice is primarily motivated by the fact that, as said by a recent report by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), although railways have been the leader in China's freight transportation system for years, trucks currently account for about 50% of freight activity and nearly 80% of freight tonnage in 2019) [42]. Recently, however, the Chinese government has accelerated the expansion of the rail network, investing about CNY 3.5 trillion [43], growing rail freight at an annual rate of +6.9% between 2015 and 2019, yet still accounting for 9.5% of total freight transport in China [43]. Lastly, it is important to remember that while China's battery industry is multifaceted and generally relies on a diverse network of suppliers of electrolytic materials, cathodes, and other essential components, for the scope of this study and due to data availability constraints, in our calculations, for each material, it has been assumed how CATL sourced from a single supplier per material.…”

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective: The Second-Life Case Study

Vinci,

Arangia,

Ruggieri

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As of 2035, the European Union has ratified the obligation to register only zero-emission cars, including ultra-low-emission vehicles (ULEVs). In this context, electric mobility fits in, which, however, presents the critical issue of the over-exploitation of critical raw materials (CRMs). An interesting solution to reduce this burden could be the so-called second life, in which batteries that are no longer able to guarantee high performance in vehicles are used for other applications that do not require high performance, such as so-called stationary systems, effectively avoiding new over-exploitation of resources. In this study, therefore, the environmental impacts of second-life lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries are verified using a life cycle perspective, taking a second life project as a case study. The results show how, through the second life, GWP could be reduced by ‒5.06 × 101 kg CO2 eq/kWh, TEC by ‒3.79 × 100 kg 1.4 DCB eq/kWh, HNCT by ‒3.46 × 100 kg 1.4 DCB eq/kWh, ‒3.88 × 100 m2a crop eq/kWh, and ‒1.12 × 101 kg oil eq/kWh. It is further shown how second life is potentially preferable to other forms of recycling, such as hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling, as it shows lower environmental impacts in all impact categories, with environmental benefits of, for example, ‒1.19 × 101 kg CO2 eq/kWh (compared to hydrometallurgical recycling) and ‒1.50 × 101 kg CO2 eq/kWh (pyrometallurgical recycling), ‒3.33 × 102 kg 1.4 DCB eq/kWh (hydrometallurgical), and ‒3.26 × 102 kg 1.4 DCB eq/kWh (pyrometallurgical), or ‒3.71 × 100 kg oil eq/kWh (hydrometallurgical) and ‒4.56 × 100 kg oil eq/kWh (pyrometallurgical). By extending the service life of spent batteries, it may therefore be possible to extract additional value while minimizing emissions and the over-exploitation of resources.

show abstract

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective: The Second-Life Case Study

Vinci,

Arangia,

Ruggieri

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A critical analysis of the problems of restructuring the stateowned railways and the introduction of competition in the railway transport industry was made in the paper by Pitt man [5]. The authors of [6] offer alternative scenarios for the restructuring of Chinese railways. A fairly detailed review of publications on the issues of reforming the rail transportation market in the countries of the European Union is made in [7].…”

Section: Information Technologies Systems Analysis and Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the efficiency of using backline and private railway infrastructure in the conditions of the transportation market

Issina¹,

Козаченко²,

Таран³

et al. 2023

Nauk. visn. nat. hirn. univ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of interaction between enterprises that operate public and private railway infrastructure when performing cargo transportation and cargo operations. Methodology. The studies were carried out using the methods of the theory of railway operation and economic and mathematical modeling. Findings. The study found that the transition from a planned economy to a market economy along with increasing customer requirements for the composition and quality of transport services is an objective reason for an increase in carriage downtime at private sidings and junction stations, a shortage of track capacity and shunting locomotives. It is shown that the existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the interaction between train tracks of enterprises and mainline railways are aimed at improving the performance of the rolling stock and do not create incentives to solve the problem of the shortage of transfer and processing capacity of the railway infrastructure. Originality. The paper proposes an improved method for assessing the effectiveness of the interaction of participants in the transportation process when performing transportation and cargo operations on the private sidings of industrial enterprises, based on the time the infrastructure is occupied. This approach, unlike the existing one, encourages railways and industrial enterprises to jointly search for the best technological solutions for the use of public and private railway infrastructure. Practical value. The method proposed in the paper for assessing the interaction of participants in the transportation process makes it possible to separate station services in the tariff for the use of the railway infrastructure into separate services of service facilities and track access to them. This will create a competitive environment and encourage participants in the transportation process to use the existing railway infrastructure and develop a new one to obtain a synergistic effect more efficiently.

show abstract

“…Rail transportation is now growing faster than in North America, with the next big challenge being to insert these railways efficiently into supply chains (Lee & Shen 2020; NITI Aayog, RMI & RMI India 2021; Wagener, Aritua & Zhu 2020). For this, the drive for more private-sector involvement in the Indian and Chinese railways is currently underway (Cui, Pittman & Zhao 2021;Lohia 2023).…”

Section: Impact On Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macrologistics effect of a state-owned enterprise, Transnet, on the South African economy

Havenga,

Simpson,

Neethling

et al. 2023

Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Transnet moves around 80% of South Africa’s rail-friendly freight tonne-kilometres, which drops to less than 40% if the rail-only coal and iron ore export lines are excluded.Objectives: Calculating the costs, negative externalities, and job losses caused by Transnet’s recent and historical operational issues and using the results to inform future reform possibilities.Method: Aspects contributing to Transnet’s failures are indicated through an assessment of rail freight’s decreasing market share and infrastructure investment, port ownership and inefficiency concerns, Transnet’s deteriorating financial performance, loss of critical skills, and instances of state capture. Resultant costs and their impact on employment are calculated across various freight flow segments, whereafter reform models are suggested through international benchmarking and extracting lessons from relevant global reforms.Results: The cost of Transnet’s failures are estimated as 7.43% of gross domestic product. A healthy relationship between the government and the private sector is a frequent occurrence in successful reforms seen globally. Locally, recent government reforms acknowledge a meaningful role for the private sector, which is in turn offering pragmatic and achievable solutions.Conclusion: Improved private sector participation can contribute to Transnet’s recovery. South Africa depends on this collaboration and the development of port and rail master plans to guide the infrastructure development required to meet its overall transportation needs.Contribution: Actionable implications for policy implementation, the economic regulation and horizontal separation of the freight railway, shifting freight from road to rail, the corporatisation of the port authority, and increasing port efficiency and capacity.

show abstract

Restructuring the Chinese Freight Railway: Two Scenarios

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Reuse of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective: The Second-Life Case Study

Reuse of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective: The Second-Life Case Study

Increasing the efficiency of using backline and private railway infrastructure in the conditions of the transportation market

The macrologistics effect of a state-owned enterprise, Transnet, on the South African economy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About