Restrictions on smoking at home and urinary cotinine levels among children with asthma

Home smoking bans and secondhand smoke exposure in Mexico and the US

“…These findings are consistent with previous data from other populations (Biener et al, 1997;Wakefield et al, 2000;Spencer et al, 2005;Martinez-Donate et al, 2003) and suggest that home smoking bans can be effective to protect adults and children of Mexican descent from SHSE in the home, regardless of the degree of tobacco control achieved in the community at large. Compared to Tijuana and Guadalajara, the protection conferred by home smoking bans is generally stronger in San Diego.…”

“…Smoking bans in the home, a primary location for child and adult SHSE (USDHHS, 2006;Klepeis, 1999;Klepeis et al, 2001), have been associated with reduced home SHSE (Hughes et al, 2008a;Biener et al, 1997;Wakefield et al, 2000;Spencer et al, 2005;Martinez-Donate et al, 2003;Blackburn et al, 2003). Home smoking bans are rules set up by household residents or other individuals to restrict or ban cigarette smoking inside the home.…”

Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine levels in passive smokers at their residence

“…In addition, Oddoze et al (1999) reported that urinary cotinine concentrations in children were significantly correlated (po0.001) with the number of cigarettes the parents smoked. Wakefield et al (2000) reported that the mother's smoking behavior was correlated with urinary CCRs of the child, and that a total absence of cigarette smoking by parents was associated with significantly lower urinary CCRs in children after adjusting for age. If both parents reported that they were smoking in their home (with or without other smokers), their children's median urinary cotinine levels were approximately 17 times higher than those of children from homes with no indoor smoking (Willers et al, 2000).…”

Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors Associated With Support for Smoke-Free Housing Policies Among Subsidized Multiunit Housing Tenants

“…Do not include decks or porches." Those who reported smoking was not allowed anywhere were asked if there are ever any exceptions to the rule (Wakefield et al, 2000).Complete HSRs were defined as no smoking allowed anywhere in the home with no exceptions. Partial HSRs allowed smoking in some places or at some times, including having exceptions to complete restrictions.…”