Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine levels in passive smokers at their residence

Kim, Hyojin; Lim, Young-Wook; Lee, Seokju; Park, Soungeun; Kim, Chang-Soo; Hong, Chein-Soo; Shin, Dong-Chun

doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500360

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Air nicotine concentrations measured in the present study were comparable to concentrations that have been reported from a Dutch 17 and a US study, 18 but air nicotine concentrations in the homes of smokers who smoked more than five cigarettes daily (median 1.37 and 0.65 mg/m 3 ) were somewhat lower then concentrations that have been reported from a Korean study (median = 3.23 mg/m 3 for homes where six or more cigarettes were smoked daily) 19 and another US study (geometric mean = 0.66 mg/m 3 for homes without smoking restrictions). 20 Within the present study we also found differences in air nicotine concentrations between countries: median air nicotine concentrations in German homes were approximately twice as high as air nicotine concentrations in Dutch homes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Comparison of parental reports of smoking and residential air nicotine concentrations in children

et al. 2006

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Background: Using questionnaires to assess children's residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may result in misclassification from recall and response bias. Questionnaire data have frequently been validated against urinary cotinine measurements, but rarely against actual measurements of residential air nicotine. Objective: To compare questionnaire reported smoking with air nicotine concentrations in a large population of children and with urinary cotinine levels in a subpopulation; and to assess the potential impact of the symptom status of the children on the agreement between different measures of exposure. Methods: The authors assessed residential exposure to ETS in 347 German, 335 Dutch, and 354 Swedish preschool and schoolchildren by questionnaire and air nicotine measurements, and in a subset of 307 German children by urinary cotinine measurements. They then compared the different measures of ETS exposure. Results: In all countries, air nicotine concentrations increased with increasing questionnaire reported smoking in a dose-response fashion. Specificity and negative predictive values of questionnaire reports for nicotine concentrations were excellent. Sensitivity and positive predictive values were moderate to good. Excluding occasional smokers, the overall percentage of homes misclassified was 6.9%, 6.7%, and 5.1% in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, respectively. Similar results were found for the agreement of urinary cotinine concentrations with questionnaire reports and air nicotine levels. There was no indication of underreporting by parents of symptomatic children. Conclusion: Despite some misclassification, questionnaire reports are an inexpensive and valid estimate of residential ETS exposure among preschool and school children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Comparison of parental reports of smoking and residential air nicotine concentrations in children

et al. 2006

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“…Notably, 11 of 57 wheezing babies presented cotinine levels higher than 10 ng/mg-cr, while 2 normal children presented higher levels of cotinine ( p = 0.023). In a study that correlated home indoor SHS levels with passive smokers' cotinine urinary levels in Seoul, Korea, the cotinine levels differed significantly ( p <0.001) among the following variables: no smoking inside the house, smoking on the veranda or outdoors and smoking indoors (26). In an additional study, Wakefield et al (27) reported that the urinary excretion of nicotine in the children of smoking mothers correlated with the number of cigarettes the mother smoked and her smoking habits and that non-smoking parents were associated with lower levels of nicotine in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental smoking patterns and their association with wheezing in children

Schvartsman¹,

Farhat²,

Schvartsman³

et al. 2013

Clinics

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate parental smoking patterns and their association with wheezing in children.METHODS:We performed a case-control study that included 105 children between 6 and 23 months of age who were divided into two groups: cases (children with 3 previous episodes of wheezing) and controls (healthy children without wheezing). The children's exposure to cigarette smoking was estimated using a questionnaire completed by the mothers and by the children's urinary cotinine levels.RESULTS:Based on both the questionnaire results and cotinine levels, exposure to cigarette smoking was higher in the households of cases in which the incidence of maternal smoking was significantly higher than that of paternal smoking. Children in this group were more affected by maternal smoking and by the total number of cigarettes smoked inside the house. Additionally, the questionnaire results indicated that the risk of wheezing was dose dependent. The presence of allergic components, such as atopic dermatitis and siblings with allergic rhinitis and asthma, greatly increased the odds ratio when wheezing was associated with cotinine levels.CONCLUSION:Children exposed to tobacco smoke have an increased risk of developing wheezing syndrome. This risk increases in association with the number of cigarettes smoked inside the house and the presence of other allergic components in the family.

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“…With a lower limit of detection for the NicCheck I test of 200 ng/mL, a low-positive result represents either a very light smoker, e.g. less than five cigarettes a day, or an individual with significant ETS exposure [14,15]. Approximately 37.9% of North Carolina adults permit smoking in the home and 19.5% of women work in places where smoking is permitted in public areas [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking prevalence in early pregnancy: comparison of self-report and anonymous urine cotinine testing

Swamy¹,

Reddick²,

Brouwer³

et al. 2010

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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Objective Societal pressures against smoking during pregnancy may lead to a reduction in disclosure of smoking status. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence of smoking at prenatal intake by self-report with anonymous biochemical validation. Methods Women receiving care at the Duke Obstetrics Clinic from February 2005 through January 2006 were eligible for evaluation. Self-reported smoking and urine samples were obtained anonymously at prenatal intake. The NicCheck™ I semi-quantitative dipstick was used to detect urinary nicotine, cotinine, and 3-hydroxycotinine. The difference, with 95% confidence interval, between the proportions of smokers by self-report and urine testing was calculated for (1) high-positive vs. low-positive and negative results combined and (2) any positive vs. negative results. Results Among 297 subjects, self-reported smoking was 18.2 vs. 14.8% for low-positive and negative results combined with an absolute difference of 3.4%, [−2.9%, 9.6%]. When comparing self-report with any positive result (43.1%), the absolute difference was 24.9%, [17.4%, 32.1%]. Conclusions Our findings suggest that most pregnant women disclose their smoking and many nonsmokers may have significant second-hand exposure. Universal urinary cotinine screening of pregnant women could aid in appropriately counseling women about second-hand exposure as well as monitoring women at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine levels in passive smokers at their residence

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of parental reports of smoking and residential air nicotine concentrations in children

Comparison of parental reports of smoking and residential air nicotine concentrations in children

Parental smoking patterns and their association with wheezing in children

Smoking prevalence in early pregnancy: comparison of self-report and anonymous urine cotinine testing

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