Restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the human placenta

Takada, Kazuko; Shimodai-Yamada, Sayaka; Suzuki, Masato; Trinh, Quang Duy; Takano, Chika; Kawakami, Katsuhiro; Asai-Sato, Mikiko; Komatsu, Atsushi; Okahashi, Aya; Nagano, Nobuhiko; Misawa, Tatsuya; Yamaguchi, Kyohei; Suzuki, Tadaki; Kawana, Kei; Morioka, Ichiro; Yamada, Hideto; Hayakawa, Satoshi; Hao, Hiroyuki; Komine‐Aizawa, Shihoko

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2022.07.010

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These studies detected SARS-CoV-2 positive-sense RNA, indicating the presence of the virus in the placenta. However, few reports confirmed the detection of SARS-CoV-2 negative-sense RNA, indicating rare viral replication [ 19 – 21 ]. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, and its negative-sense template is formed during the replication stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in a preterm infant

Zia,

Kumar,

Gamma

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background As SARS-CoV-2 continues to be relevant and cause illnesses, the effect of emerging virus variants on perinatal health remains to be elucidated. It was demonstrated that vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a relatively rare event in the original SARS-CoV-2 strain. However, very few reports describe vertical transmission related to the delta-variant. Case presentation We report a case of a preterm male neonate born to a mother with positive SARS-CoV-2 and mild respiratory complications. The neonate was born by cesarean section due to fetal distress. The rupture of the amniotic membrane was at delivery. The neonate had expected prematurity-related complications. His nasopharyngeal swabs for RT-PCR were positive from birth till three weeks of age. RT-ddPCR of the Placenta showed a high load of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with subgenomic viral RNA. RNAscope technique demonstrated both the positive strand of the S gene and the orf1ab negative strand. Detection of subgenomic RNA and the orf1ab negative strand indicats active viral replication in the placenta. Conclusions Our report demonstrates active viral replication of the SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in the placenta associated with vertical transmission in a preterm infant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in a preterm infant

Zia,

Kumar,

Gamma

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Less than about 20% of placental tissues were found to be PCR positive, showing a significant grade of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Takada K et al directly demonstrated inefficient viral replication in a SARS-CoV-2-infected placenta [54].…”

Section: Route Of Sars-cov-2 During Pregnancy and Its Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Footprints in the Placenta: What We Know after Three Years of the Pandemic

Tosto

Meyyazhagan

Alqasem

et al. 2023

JPM

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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into its third year, there is accumulating evidence on the consequences of maternal infection. Emerging data indicate increased obstetrics risks, including maternal complications, preterm births, impaired intrauterine fetal growth, hypertensive disorders, stillbirth, gestational diabetes, and a risk of developmental defects in neonates. Overall, controversial concerns still exist regarding the potential for vertical transmission. Histopathological examination of the placenta can represent a useful instrument for investigation and can contribute significant information regarding the possible immunohistopathological mechanisms involved in developing unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Based on current evidence, SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect placental tissue by inducing several specific changes. The level of placental involvement is considered one of the determining factors for unfavorable outcomes during pregnancy due to inflammation and vascular injuries contributing to complex cascade immunological and biological events; however, available evidence does not indicate a strong and absolute correlation between maternal infection, placental lesions, and obstetric outcomes. As existing studies are still limited, we further explore the placenta at three different levels, using histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetics to understand the epidemiological and virological changes observed in the ongoing pandemic.

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“…However, in general, the placenta barrier again works effectively to protect the fetus from this virus, and the majority of the babies born to these mothers were free from this virus infection. Clinical and in vitro evidence have demonstrated that although the placenta showed signs of infections in the invading trophoblasts and placenta, the infection seems not to go further [ 7 , 192 , 193 ]. The evidence of restricted replication of the virus in trophoblast cells was noted, suggesting that the placental barrier may be present, although not effectively, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Viral Infections In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the placenta’s notable physical and immunological roles, pathogens, such as viruses, cannot be easily transmitted to the fetus. However, by utilizing unknown mechanisms, some viruses can still pass through the placenta in some cases [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

Trinh

Pham

Takada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic growth factor playing various roles in the human body including cell growth and development. More functions of TGF-β1 have been discovered, especially its roles in viral infection. TGF-β1 is abundant at the maternal–fetal interface during pregnancy and plays an important function in immune tolerance, an essential key factor for pregnancy success. It plays some critical roles in viral infection in pregnancy, such as its effects on the infection and replication of human cytomegalovirus in syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, its role in the enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and replication in first-trimester trophoblasts has recently been reported. The above up-to-date findings have opened one of the promising approaches to studying the mechanisms of viral infection during pregnancy with links to corresponding congenital syndromes. In this article, we review our current and recent advances in understanding the roles of TGF-β1 in viral infection. Our discussion focuses on viral infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. We highlight the mutual roles of viral infection and TGF-β1 in specific contexts and possible functions of the Smad pathway in viral infection, with a special note on ZIKV infection. In addition, we discuss promising approaches to performing further studies on this topic.

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Restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the human placenta

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in a preterm infant

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta-variant in a preterm infant

SARS-CoV-2 Footprints in the Placenta: What We Know after Three Years of the Pandemic

Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

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