Restricted energy intake affects nocturnal body temperature and sleep patterns

Abstract

Changes in nocturnal body temperature, sleep patterns, and blood variables with energy restriction (3347 kJ/d) were studied in nine overweight (body mass index 26.1 +/- 2.8) premenopausal women aged 20-36 y. Variables were measured both 2 wk before and in the final 2 wk of 4-wk dieting. Data collected 28 d apart were compared to attenuate menstrual cycle differences. Subjects lost 8 +/- 4% of their initial body mass after 4 wk of energy restriction and plasma triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly reduced from 5.9 +/- 0.7 to 5.1 +/- 0.6 pmol/L (P < 0.05). The implied suppression of heat production (metabolic rate) with reduced T3 may account for the observed decrease in minimum nocturnal rectal temperature (from 36.5 +/- 0.3 to 36.3 +/- 0.3 degree C, P < 0.05). Furthermore, dieting significantly altered sleep patterns; sleep onset latency was lengthened and slow-wave sleep decreased (P < 0.05). These changes may be indicative of reduced restorative/biosynthetic requirements. It thus appears that energy restriction results in a hypometabolic state that affects nocturnal body temperature and sleep patterns.

Effects of sleep duration and sleep quality on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 5-year follow-up study in China

“…Conversely, food restriction increases sleep-onset latency and reduces total slow-wave sleep [35] and higher food intake promotes sleep [36]. In general, short sleep enhances sensitivity to food stimuli, leading to a disproportionate increase in food intake, and is associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption, a high-fat diet, greater fast food consumption [37], a reduced tendency to eat during conventional eating hours, and dominance of snack intakes over meals, and ultimately, a surplus in energy intake [34].…”

The Role of Sleep Duration in the Regulation of Energy Balance: Effects on Energy Intakes and Expenditure

“…It is interesting here to note that food restriction increases sleep onset latency and reduces total slow wave sleep. 41 It is possible that overeating during a period of sleep deficiency is a physiological attempt to restore sleep, as it is known that higher food intake promotes sleep. 42 The impact of sleep duration on EE is less clear.…”

Acute effects of the very low carbohydrate diet on sleep indices

“…50 However, SWS changes are also associated with a fall in core body temperature, 51-53 changes in body mass, 25 and reduction in energy supply. 24 Empirical data from animal studies in the last two decades demonstrated a strong link between energy metabolism and sleep. Guesdon and colleagues 54 demonstrated in a rat model that the amount of SWS and paradoxical (equivalent of REM) sleep followed the evolution of energy supply levels.…”

“…Weight loss in overweight females through a 4-week energy-restricted diet led to a delayed sleep onset and reduction in the total time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS). 24 This study inferred that the sleep changes were linked to a reduction in nocturnal body temperature due to a hypometabolic state of dieting, and that the sleep changes reflected reduced restorative/biosynthetic requirements. Morbidly obese adolescents showed an abnormal sleep pattern with above average SWS but below normal rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep percentage.…”