Acute effects of the very low carbohydrate diet on sleep indices

Afaghi, Ahmad; O’Connor, Helen; Chow, Chin Moi

doi:10.1179/147683008x301540

Cited by 91 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Although correlation between carbohydrate oxidation and sleep stage does not necessarily mean a causal relationship between the two variables, it is possible that carbohydrate oxidation suppresses SWS. Consistent with this notion, single ingestion of a very low-carbohydrate meal (,1% carbohydrate) increased SWS and suppressed REM sleep compared with the normal control meal (14). Alternatively SWS was promoted by elevation of fat oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…SWS during the first sleep cycle is related to subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness (39), and it is tied to growth hormone release (14,40). Decrease in growth hormone release is associated with a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including increased visceral fat and insulin resistance (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phillips et al reported a shorter SWS duration with a high-carbohydrate meal (PFC510 : 10 : 80) compared to that of a high-fat meal (PFC510 : 77 : 13), in which subjects were given experiment meals throughout the day and sleep was monitored for two consecutive nights (13). Afaghi et al reported that a very lowcarbohydrate meal (PFC538 : 61 : 1) for the evening meal increased SWS and decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared to the control mixed meal (PFC515.5 : 12.5 : 72) (14). In these previous studies, time course of sleep architecture was not reported, and it was not reported whether the changes in sleep architecture were transient or persisted throughout the sleep period.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Energy metabolism during sleep was not monitored in previous reports studying the effects of macronutrient intake on sleep (13,14), but it is plausible that metabolism consumption of macronutrients is related to changes in sleep architecture. Our previous study revealed correlations of sleep stage with energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation (15 , Hitomi Ogata 2 , Naomi Omi during sleep stages 2 and SWS, and carbohydrate oxidation during REM sleep was significantly higher than that during SWS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nutrient Composition of Dinner on Sleep Architecture and Energy Metabolism during Sleep

Yajima

Seya

Iwayama

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Energy metabolism and substrate oxidation during sleep correlate with sleep stage, suggesting that energy metabolism affects sleep architecture or vice versa. The aim of the present study was to examine whether changes in energy metabolism during sleep, induced by a high-carbohydrate or high-fat meal for dinner, affect sleep architecture. Ten healthy males participated in this study, sleeping 3 nonconsecutive nights in a whole-room calorimeter. The first night was scheduled as an adaptation to the experimental environment. The other 2 nights were experimental calorimetry in a balanced cross-over design with intrasubject comparisons. In each session, subjects comsumed a high carbohydrate (HCD: PFC510 : 10 : 80) or high fat (HFD: PFC510 : 78 : 12) meal at 2000 h and slept with a polysomnographic recording in a metabolic chamber for indirect calorimetry (0000 h to 0800 h). Slow wave sleep was decreased during the first sleep cycle and not changed during the second or third sleep cycle under HCD conditions compared with those of HFD. Energy expenditure was not affected by dietary condition but substrate oxidation reflected differences in dietary composition of the dinner during the first and second sleep cycle. The present study suggested the possibility that substrate availability during sleep affects substrate oxidation during sleep, and affects sleep architecture during the first sleep cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nutrient Composition of Dinner on Sleep Architecture and Energy Metabolism during Sleep

Yajima

Seya

Iwayama

et al. 2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…There is a substantial body of evidence to indicate a role of carbohydrate intake on sleep indexes ( Table 1). Both high-carbohydrate (HC) and low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are associated with changes in sleep architecture (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Carbohydrate manipulation has primarily been shown to affect REM sleep and SWS; however, non-REM (NREM) sleep, SOL, and REM-onset latency have also been affected.…”

Section: Dietary Patterns and Sleep Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality

St‐Onge

Mikic

Pietrolungo

2016

Advances in Nutrition

386

300

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There is much emerging information surrounding the impact of sleep duration and quality on food choice and consumption in both children and adults. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of dietary patterns and specific foods on nighttime sleep. Early studies have shown that certain dietary patterns may affect not only daytime alertness but also nighttime sleep. In this review, we surveyed the literature to describe the role of food consumption on sleep. Research has focused on the effects of mixed meal patterns, such as high-carbohydrate plus lowfat or low-carbohydrate diets, over the short term on sleep. Such studies highlight a potential effect of macronutrient intakes on sleep variables, particularly alterations in slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep with changes in carbohydrate and fat intakes. Other studies instead examined the intake of specific foods, consumed at a fixed time relative to sleep, on sleep architecture and quality. Those foods, specifically milk, fatty fish, tart cherry juice, and kiwifruit, are reviewed here. Studies provide some evidence for a role of certain dietary patterns and foods in the promotion of high-quality sleep, but more studies are necessary to confirm those preliminary findings. Adv Nutr 2016;7:938-49.

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Association between a low‐carbohydrate diet and sleep status, depression, anxiety, and stress score

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Dietary intakes, especially carbohydrates, play an important role in blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. It is suggested that carbohydrate amounts may be effective in diabetes complications. This study aimed to reveal the association of low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) and sleep and mental status among patients with diabetes. METHODS This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 265 women with type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measures, as well as biochemical tests, were recorded. Dietary intakes were recorded using a validated food‐frequency‐questionnaire to calculate LCD score. To assess mental disorders and sleep quality, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used respectively. RESULTS Patients in the highest LCD quartile were the ones with the lowest carbohydrate consumption. There was no significant association between cardiovascular risk factors and LCD score even after controlling confounder variables (P > 0.05). Subjects in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those within the lowest quartile had a 69% lower risk of poor sleep after adjusting confounders. The odds of depressive symptoms were negatively related to the highest quartile of LCD score in the crude model and even after full‐adjusted model (odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–1.01). Participants in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those in the lowest quartile had a 73% lower risk of anxiety. CONCLUSION It seems that patients who consumed lower carbohydrate have better sleep status and are less involved with mental disorders. However, regarding the nature of the present study, well‐designed cohort studies are suggested to be conducted in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Acute effects of the very low carbohydrate diet on sleep indices

Cited by 91 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of Nutrient Composition of Dinner on Sleep Architecture and Energy Metabolism during Sleep

Effects of Nutrient Composition of Dinner on Sleep Architecture and Energy Metabolism during Sleep

Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality

Association between a low‐carbohydrate diet and sleep status, depression, anxiety, and stress score

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