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A adubação verde com Crotalaria juncea é uma estratégia vastamente utilizada no Cerrado para melhorar as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, em uma matriz que apresenta limitações naturais para o desempenho adequado dos cultivos. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar o acúmulo de nutrientes e produção de matéria seca por C. juncea cultivada em solo de Cerrado. Dois experimentos foram realizados nos anos de 2015 e 2016, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Selvíria, MS, Brasil. As semeaduras foram realizadas a lanço em área previamente preparada com aração e gradagem, sem utilização de adubação. Aos 80 dias após a semeadura e antes do pleno florescimento, as plantas foram manejadas com roçadora. Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: (a) Massa seca: amostras obtidas de cada parcela foram levadas à estufa, realizou-se a mensuração da massa seca e o valor médio foi extrapolado para unidade de kg ha -1 . (b) Acúmulo de nutrientes: após coleta de amostras das plantas, determinou-se os teores de macro e micronutrientes e, posteriormente, multiplicou-se o teor de cada nutriente pela massa seca de C. juncea produzida, obtendo-se o acúmulo de macronutrientes (g kg -1 ) e micronutrientes (mg kg -1 ). O adubo verde apresentou elevada produção de matéria seca e excelente acúmulo de nitrogênio, potássio e ferro. Palavras chave: reciclagem de nutrientes, adubação verde, prática conservacionista ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS AND DRY MATTER PRODUCED BY Crotalaria juncea CULTIVED IN CERRADO ABSTRACTThe green manuring with Crotalaria juncea is a strategy widely used in the Cerrado to improve the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil, in a matrix that presents natural limitations to the proper performance of the crops. The objective of this work was to verify the accumulation of nutrients and dry matter production by C. juncea cultivated in Cerrado soil. Two experiments were carried out in the years 2015 and 2016, in a dystrophic Red Latosol, in the city of Selvíria, MS, Brazil. Seeds were insered in an area with conventional preparation, without the use of fertilization. At 80 days after sowing and before blooming, the plants were managed mechanically. The following evaluations were performed: (a) Dry matter production: the samples obtained from the plants were desiccated and the average dry matter yield was extrapolated to a unit of kg ha -1 . (b) Accumulation of nutrients: after collecting plant samples, the macronutrients and micronutrients contents were determined and, posteriorly, the content of each nutrient was multiplied by the dry mass of C.* mssmarcio@yahoo.com
A adubação verde com Crotalaria juncea é uma estratégia vastamente utilizada no Cerrado para melhorar as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, em uma matriz que apresenta limitações naturais para o desempenho adequado dos cultivos. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar o acúmulo de nutrientes e produção de matéria seca por C. juncea cultivada em solo de Cerrado. Dois experimentos foram realizados nos anos de 2015 e 2016, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Selvíria, MS, Brasil. As semeaduras foram realizadas a lanço em área previamente preparada com aração e gradagem, sem utilização de adubação. Aos 80 dias após a semeadura e antes do pleno florescimento, as plantas foram manejadas com roçadora. Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: (a) Massa seca: amostras obtidas de cada parcela foram levadas à estufa, realizou-se a mensuração da massa seca e o valor médio foi extrapolado para unidade de kg ha -1 . (b) Acúmulo de nutrientes: após coleta de amostras das plantas, determinou-se os teores de macro e micronutrientes e, posteriormente, multiplicou-se o teor de cada nutriente pela massa seca de C. juncea produzida, obtendo-se o acúmulo de macronutrientes (g kg -1 ) e micronutrientes (mg kg -1 ). O adubo verde apresentou elevada produção de matéria seca e excelente acúmulo de nitrogênio, potássio e ferro. Palavras chave: reciclagem de nutrientes, adubação verde, prática conservacionista ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS AND DRY MATTER PRODUCED BY Crotalaria juncea CULTIVED IN CERRADO ABSTRACTThe green manuring with Crotalaria juncea is a strategy widely used in the Cerrado to improve the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil, in a matrix that presents natural limitations to the proper performance of the crops. The objective of this work was to verify the accumulation of nutrients and dry matter production by C. juncea cultivated in Cerrado soil. Two experiments were carried out in the years 2015 and 2016, in a dystrophic Red Latosol, in the city of Selvíria, MS, Brazil. Seeds were insered in an area with conventional preparation, without the use of fertilization. At 80 days after sowing and before blooming, the plants were managed mechanically. The following evaluations were performed: (a) Dry matter production: the samples obtained from the plants were desiccated and the average dry matter yield was extrapolated to a unit of kg ha -1 . (b) Accumulation of nutrients: after collecting plant samples, the macronutrients and micronutrients contents were determined and, posteriorly, the content of each nutrient was multiplied by the dry mass of C.* mssmarcio@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT. The rice is large-scale cultivated in a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions, compounding an alternative source for the increase in food production worldwide. The present study assessed the traits related to productivity, in rice genotypes under conditions of irrigation and water stress, in Gurupi municipality, Southern region from Tocantins state. We evaluated agronomic attributes (number of tillers and panicles, number of grains per panicle and productivity), besides the index of drought sensitivity. The selection of superior genotypes and traits that may serve for the differentiation among the genotypes in this stress condition is essential to create more tolerant materials. Among the most productive genotypes, we highlight the 'Quebra Cacho' that besides presenting relatively high productivities for both culture conditions, also presented a low index of drought sensitivity, ratifying itself as one of the most productive ones and adapted to this culture condition. The number of tillers by square meter did not present differences among the genotypes in both environmental conditions, but in some cases, there was a decrease under the condition of water stress. The number of grains per panicle evidenced great variation between the environments, with a decrease under the stress condition.
ABSTRACT. The aim of this work was to evaluate the transfer of N via biological nitrogen fixation from green manures to intercropped lettuce using the 15 N abundance method. The treatments consisted of lettuce with black oats, lettuce with cowpea, lettuce with white lupin and monocropped lettuce (control). Green manures were sown at two different times including the following: 60 days before transplanting of lettuce seedlings and simultaneous to transplanting of lettuce seedlings. N transfer was estimated using the natural 15 N abundance method. It was observed that lettuce intercropped with green manures reached the same fresh mass of monocropped lettuce when the green manures were sown at the same time as the vegetables were planted. However, when the green manures were sown previously, the fresh mass of the monocropped lettuce was higher, and independent of the sowing time of green manures, the monocropped lettuce reached a higher dry mass. White lupin and cowpea transferred higher amounts of N regardless of sowing time, and the C:N ratio of white lupin to cowpea was lower compared to black oats. Intercropping with white lupin, cowpea and black oat transferred 18, 17 and 7% of N, respectively, to lettuce. RESUMO. Transferência de nitrogênio de adubos verdes para a alface cultivados em sistema de consórcio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a transferência do nitrogênio de adubos verdes para alface em cultivo consorciado, através da técnica da abundância natural de 15 N. Os tratamentos foram: alface em monocultivo (testemunha), alface consorciado com aveia-preta, com feijão-caupi e com tremoço-branco, em duas épocas de semeadura dos adubos verdes: 60 dias antes e no transplante das mudas de alface. Observou-se que a alface consorciada com adubos verdes adquiriu a mesma massa fresca das alfaces solteiras quando a semeadura do adubo verde foi simultânea com o plantio da mesma; no entanto quando os adubos verdes foram semeados com 60 dias de antecedência as alfaces solteiras obtiveram maior massa fresca ; independentemente da época de semeadura as alfaces solteiras alcançaram maior massa seca; o tremoço-branco e o caupi transferiram maior quantidade de N para a alface, independentemente de sua época de semeadura; a relação C:N do feijão-caupi e tremoço-branco foram menores que a da aveia-preta; o cultivo consorciado de tremoço-branco, caupi e a aveia-preta transferiram 18, 17 e 7% de N para a alface; e que em cultivo consorciado há transferência de N proveniente da fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) dos adubos verdes tremoço-branco e caupi para a alface.Palavras-chave: Avena strigosa Schreb, Lupinus albus L., Lactuca sativa L., Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., abundância natural de 15 N.
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