Restoring effective sleep tranquility (REST): A feasibility and pilot study

Abstract

IntroductionThe purpose of this pilot study was to establish the feasibility of completing a future controlled trial of a multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia program for military veterans with sleep disturbance.MethodThis was a single-arm feasibility and pilot study. Participants were United States post-9/11 veterans with service-connected injuries, university students, and had self-reported sleep disturbances. Restoring Effective Sleep Tranquility was a multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia intervention consisting of seven sessions of group therapy and eight 1:1 sessions delivered by occupational therapists. Feasibility and pilot indicators were process, resources, management, and scientific, including pre–post-assessments of sleep difficulties, dysfunctional sleep beliefs, participation, and pain interference.FindingsIndicators were supportive of feasibility, including reduced sleep difficulties (for example Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Measure [t = 3.29, p = .02]), reduced nightmares: t = 2.79, p = .03; fewer dysfunctional sleep beliefs: t = 3.63, p = .01, and greater ability to participate in social roles: t = –2.86, p = .03, along with trends towards improved satisfaction with participation and reduced pain interference.ConclusionThe Restoring Effective Sleep Tranquility program may reduce sleep difficulties and improve participation in US veterans with service-connected injuries, and evidence indicates a controlled trial would be feasible to deliver.

Occupational therapy and posttraumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

“…Ninety-one percent of the sources that included OPIs identified issues in productive occupations. Within these sources, authors discussed problems in school performance (see Alers, 2014; Davis, 1999; Driver & Beltran, 1998; Eakman et al, 2017; Hyter et al, 2002; Kjorstad et al, 2005; Plach & Sells, 2013; Precin, 2011a; Rivers & Saunders, 2016; Rogers et al, 2014; Scaffa et al, 2006; Simó-Algado et al, 2002; Snedden, 2012; Speicher et al, 2014) and being able to drive safely (Classen et al, 2014, 2017; Dutra et al, 2016; Edgelow, 2016; Phillips, Bruehl, & Harden, 1997; Rivers & Saunders, 2016; Speicher et al, 2014). However, returning to, or maintaining, one’s position at work was the most commonly reported OPI (see Bracciano et al, 2012; Cowls & Galloway, 2009; Edgelow, 2016; Froehlich, 1992; Gerardi, 2009; Gindi, Galili, Volovic-Shushan, & Adir-Pavis, 2016; Lopez, 2011; Murphy et al, 2015; Phillips et al, 1997; Plach & Sells, 2013; Precin, 2011b, 2011c; Rivers & Saunders, 2016; Smith-Forbes, Quick, & Brown, 2016; Snedden, 2012; Speicher et al, 2014; Whatley Brown, 1990; Yamkovenko, 2011).…”

“…The OPI discussed most often was sleep disturbances and difficulties (see Alers, 2014; Davis, 1999;Dutra et al, 2016;Eakman et al, 2017;Gerardi, 2009;Hyter et al, 2002;Kjorstad et al, 2005;Pizur-Barnekow & Erickson, 2011;Plach & Sells, 2013;Precin, 2011a;Rivers & Saunders, 2016;Roberts, 1995;Rogers et al, 2014;Scaffa, Gerardi, Herzberg, & McColl, 2006;Smith-Forbes et al, 2014;Speicher et al, 2014). As well, preschool-age children who have been exposed to trauma may experience flashbacks and nightmares, which can cause a decrease in both the quality and quantity of their sleep that further affects concentration and disrupts productive occupations like educational performance (see Alers, 2014; Davis, 1999;Kjorstad et al, 2005), which can further affect productive occupations, such as educational performance, as a result of decreased concentration (Alers, 2014).…”

Occupational Therapy Practice in Sleep Management: A Review of Conceptual Models and Research Evidence

“…To ensure a comprehensive coverage of the literature, the search terms included “sleep,” “rest,” or “insomnia” and “occupational therapy,” “occupational therapist,” or “occupational therapy intervention.” Keyword searches were performed in five key databases: Scopus (Elsevier), MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Citation Index (SCI), OneFile (GALE), and ScienceDirect. 256 articles were included, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were retained for data synthesis [ 20 – 30 ]. Figure 1 shows the systematic search and review process.…”

Essential characteristics of sleep from the occupational science perspective

“…Moreover, Occupational Therapy as a discipline has done a great contribution to sleep study. Research in Occupational Therapy has been conducted to explore sleep disorders in diverse population (Crowe et al, 1996;Engel-Yeger & Shochat, 2012;Fjeldsted & Hanlon-Dearman, 2009;Green et al, 2008;Marquenie et al, 2011;O'Connell & Vannan, 2008;O'Donoghue & McKay, 2012;Wright et al, 2006), the relationship between sleep and performance skills (Foitzik & Brown, 2017;Salls et al, 2002;Vasak et al, 2015) And interventions effectiveness on sleep disorders (Eakman et al, 2017;Leland et al, 2014). All these studies offered different perspectives about sleep as human occupation which can be characterized as the opportunity enjoyed by every human being to engage in tasks in a specific space and time, with meaning and purpose (Christiansen & Townsend, 2010), or, alternately, "[…] as chunks of culturally and personally meaningful activity in which humans engage that can be named in the lexicon of our culture" (Clark et al, 1991, p. 301).…”