Restoring a nearly free-standing character of graphene on Ru(0001) by oxygen intercalation

Voloshina, Elena; Berdunov, N.; Dedkov, Yuriy

doi:10.1038/srep20285

Cited by 48 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, STM investigation confirms the presence of both "coupled" and "decoupled" graphene on the copper foil substrate. Usually, graphene grown by CVD on metal surfaces can be decoupled in presence of both oxidized surfaces and oxygen intercalation, as reported by Gottardi et al [45] and Voloshina et al, [46] respectively. In addition, the oxidation of polycrystalline copper due to the oxygen encapsulated by the graphene layer during the graphene growth could play a leading role in the graphene decoupling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of graphene grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at ambient pressure conditions

Cazzanelli

Luca

Vuono

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In the aim to get high quality graphene films, with large domains and free from impurities, minimizing also the manufacturing costs, we investigate the graphene grown on copper (Cu) foil by chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure conditions, by using methane (CH4) as carbon source, diluted in a suitable mixture of argon (Ar) and hydrogen (H2). Several graphene samples were synthesized, for variable exposure times to hydrocarbon precursor, in the range from 1 min to 1 hr. The quality of the graphene films and their structural, morphological, and electronic properties were evaluated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and other techniques, including, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. In particular, samples obtained with shorter growth time (less than 10 min) exhibit a non‐uniform coverage of the Cu surface, whereas those synthesized with exposure time between 10 and 30 min show a prevalence of well‐ordered monolayer graphene domains. For longer deposition, the amount of disordered domains increases, as revealed by Raman analysis, and the resulting film shows a nonself‐limiting growth behavior for chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric conditions. In addition, we observed 2 kinds of monolayer graphene, in terms of coupling with the Cu surface, for the samples synthesized between 10 and 30 min. To the best of our knowledge, “coupled” and “decoupled” graphene regions have never been reported at the same time on Cu surface. Furthermore, a Raman statistical analysis has been performed on the G and 2D bands measured in both the kinds of regions, gaining evidence of a bimodal behavior for the graphene spots, corresponding to “coupled” and “decoupled” configurations. This difference, which is appreciable also by the optical microscopy inspection, could be related to the local Cu oxidation and to oxygen intercalation after graphene growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of graphene grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at ambient pressure conditions

Cazzanelli

Luca

Vuono

et al. 2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…The few available approaches to modify the properties of h-BN mostlyc oncern intercalation; [9][10][11] however,a lso the oxidation is observed as as ide reactiond uring such experiments. [12] This situation is different from that regarding the intercalation of graphene, where already numerous intercalation studies can be found in the literature, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ranging from alkali metals, [21] hydrogen [22] to noble gases [23] as intercalating agents. When studying the intercalation of supported 2D materials with gases,w ithi ncreasing strength of the interaction of the 2D materialw ith its substrate intercalationb ecomes increasingly more difficult to achieve.…”

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confidence: 93%

Oxygen Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111)

Späth

Soni

Steinhauer

et al. 2019

Chemistry A European J

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The interaction of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on Ni(111)w ith molecular oxygen from as upersonic molecular beam led to ac ovalently bonded molecular oxygen species, which was identified as being between as uperoxide and aperoxide. This is arareexample of an activated adsorption process leadingt oam olecular adsorbate. The amount of oxygen functionalization depended on the kinetic energy of the molecular beam.F or ak inetic energy of 0.7 eV,a no xygen coverage of 0.4 ML was found. Near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy revealed as tronger bond of h-BN to the Ni(111)s ubstrate in [a] Dr.

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“…However, the high crystalline quality of the prepared samples is accompanied by perturbations in the electronic structure of single layer graphene due to the presence of the substrate, leading to the complete loss of the massless character of carriers around the Fermi energy ( E F ) in some cases. For strongly interacting systems, such as graphene on Ni(111), Rh(111), Ru(0001), an efficient decoupling can be performed by the intercalation of oxygen or other elements, leading to the restoration of the linear energy–momentum dispersion near E F . Even for the substrates considered to show only weak interaction with graphene, such as Ir(111), decoupling schemes based on intercalation are also used to further reduce the influence of the substrate and to produce a nearly free‐standing graphene .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Decoupling of Twisted Graphene Sheets Epitaxially Grown on a Metal Substrate

Simon

Voloshina

Tesch

et al. 2018

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The electronic properties of graphene can be efficiently altered upon interaction with the underlying substrate resulting in a dramatic change of charge carrier behavior. Here, the evolution of the local electronic properties of epitaxial graphene on a metal upon the controlled formation of multilayers, which are produced by intercalation of atomic carbon in graphene/Ir(111), is investigated. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and Landau-level spectroscopy, it is shown that for a monolayer and bilayers with small-angle rotations, Landau levels are fully suppressed, indicating that the metal-graphene interaction is largely confined to the first graphene layer. Bilayers with large twist angles as well as twisted trilayers demonstrate a sequence of pronounced Landau levels characteristic for a free-standing graphene monolayer pointing toward an effective decoupling of the top layer from the metal substrate. These findings give evidence for the controlled preparation of epitaxial graphene multilayers with a different degree of decoupling, which represent an ideal platform for future electronic and spintronic applications.

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Restoring a nearly free-standing character of graphene on Ru(0001) by oxygen intercalation

Cited by 48 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of graphene grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at ambient pressure conditions

Characterization of graphene grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at ambient pressure conditions

Oxygen Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111)

Layer‐by‐Layer Decoupling of Twisted Graphene Sheets Epitaxially Grown on a Metal Substrate

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