Restoration of the sensitivity of Eimeria acervulina to anticoccidial drugs in the chicken following use of a live coccidiosis vaccine

Vereecken, Monita; Dehaeck, Ben; Rathinam, T.; Schelstraete, Wim; Gussem, K. De; Chapman, H. D.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109416

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is one of the most common parasitic diseases in modern intensive poultry farming and is caused by intracellular parasitic protozoa of the genus Eimeria ( 5 ). However, there is a lack of drugs, and traditional treatment drugs tend to lead to the development of drug resistance, aggravate environmental pollution, and are not as effective ( 4 ). Gegen Qinlian Decoction, a traditional Chinese remedy, has a wide range of biological activities, and Magnolia officinalis has also been shown to have some anthelmintic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, chicken coccidiosis is primarily controlled by drugs and vaccines ( 3 ), however, due to certain safety risks and high costs of vaccine control, drug control is still the main means of prevention. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the increase in the cost of research on new anticoccidial drugs, the need for purely western drugs for prevention and control has not been met, and some western drugs also have the disadvantages of high toxic side effects and high drug residues ( 4 ). In China, herbal medicine resources are abundant, and from the current research status of herbal medicine developed for the control of coccidiosis, herbal medicine is mostly used for the control of coccidiosis in chickens and rabbits ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction

Peng

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Gegen Qinlian Decoction is a long-established Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, while Magnolia officinalis has been demonstrated to have some anthelmintic activity. The preliminary screening of this study showed that the addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction has some effective on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens. However, the mechanism of its treatment of chicken coccidiosis is not clear. The network pharmacology study was based on the screening of chemical components and related targets from TCMSP and PharmMapper server databases. Genes related to chicken coccidiosis were obtained from the SRA database, and those genes that intersected with the target genes of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were screened. By exploring the target interactions through the String system and enrichment analysis by the Metascape system, the mechanism of action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in chicken coccidiosis was identified. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA levels of the relevant factors in chicken coccidiosis, molecular docking was used to reveal the extent of binding of the key target genes predicted in the network pharmacology by the action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Compound and target screening suggested that the 99 chemical targets of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were involved in chicken coccidiosis, and the enrichment results of KEGG pathway suggested that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction was significantly associated with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in chicken coccidiosis. The Hubba gene module in Cytoscape_v3.7.1 software was used to analyze the network topology to obtain the Hubba gene SRC, STAT3, and PPARG, etc. The molecular docking results showed that SRC, STAT3, and PPARG were key targets in the treatment of coccidiosis in chickens by Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction, which was in agreement with the RT-qPCR results. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, it was confirmed that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction fights against chicken coccidiosis through key targets such as SRC, STAT3, and PPARG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction

Peng

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…With broilers, a common strategy to minimize epithelial cell damage from nonattenuated vaccines is to implement a bio-shuttle program. This means vaccinated birds are administered an anticoccidial drug after feed change from starter to grower feed at 14-18 days of age (56). Depending on the type of antibiotic program in place the anticoccidial drug can be either a weak synthetic anticoccidial drug, which is one that doesn't completely stop Eimeria spp.…”

Section: Coccidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was indicated by anticoccidial susceptibility tests of coccidia isolates collected from the same house before and after the use a coccidia vaccine. While coccidia populations were resistant against anticoccidials before the use of the vaccine, they were susceptible after vaccination (58).…”

Section: Coccidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Against Poultry Parasites

Hauck,

Macklin

2023

Avian Diseases

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The complexity of parasites and their life cycles makes vaccination against parasitic diseases challenging. This review highlights this by discussing vaccination against four relevant parasites of poultry. Coccidia, i.e., Eimeria spp., are the most important parasites in poultry production, causing multiple billions of dollars of damage worldwide. Due to the trend of antibiotic-free broiler production, use of anticoccidia vaccines in broilers is becoming much more important. As of now, only live vaccines are on the market, almost all of which must be produced in birds. In addition, these live vaccines require extra care in the management of flocks to provide adequate protection and prevent the vaccines from causing damage. Considerable efforts to develop recombinant vaccines and related work to understand the immune response against coccidia have not yet resulted in an alternative. Leucozytozoon caulleryi is a blood parasite that is prevalent in East and South Asia. It is the only poultry parasite for which a recombinant vaccine has been developed and brought to market. Histomonas meleagridis causes typhlohepatitis in chickens and turkeys. The systemic immune response after intramuscular vaccination with inactivated parasites is not protective. The parasite can be grown and attenuated in vitro, but only together with bacteria. This and the necessary intracloacal application make the use of live vaccines difficult. So far, there have been no attempts to develop a recombinant vaccine against H. meleagridis. Inactivated vaccines inducing antibodies against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae have the potential to control infestations with this parasite. Potential antigens for recombinant vaccines have been identified, but the use of wholemite extracts yields superior results. In conclusion, while every parasite is unique, development of vaccines against them shares common problems, namely the difficulties of propagating them in vitro and the identification of protective antigens that might be used in recombinant vaccines.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Vacunación contra los parásitos de las aves de corral. La complejidad de los parásitos y sus ciclos de vida hace que la vacunación contra las enfermedades parasitarias sea un desafı o. Esta revisión destaca este concepto al discutir la vacunación contra cuatro parásitos relevantes en la avicultura. Las coccidias, como, Eimeria spp., son los parásitos más importantes en la producción avı cola y causan daños por miles de millones de dólares en todo el mundo. Debido a la tendencia de la producción de pollos de engorde sin antibióticos, el uso de vacunas anticoccidianas en pollos de engorde se está volviendo mucho más importante. Por el momento, sólo hay en el mercado vacunas vivas y casi todas ellas deben producirse en aves. Además, estas vacunas vivas requieren un cuidado especial en el manejo de las parvadas para brindar una protección adecuada y evitar que las vacunas causen daños. Los esfuerzos considerables para desarrollar vacunas recombinantes y los trabajos...

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“…Restoration of sensitivity to monensin, salinomycin, and diclazuril following use of the live non-attenuated vaccine Coccivac has been reported ( Chapman, 1994b ; Chapman and Jeffers, 2015 ; Mathis and Broussard, 2006 ) and to monensin and diclazuril following use of the attenuated vaccine Paracox-5 ( Peek and Landman, 2006 ). More recently, restoration of drug sensitivity to a range of drugs, including Maxiban and Monimax following use of the attenuated vaccine ADVENT has been demonstrated ( Vereecken et al, 2021 ). Rotation programs involving anticoccidial drugs and vaccines are widely utilized in the USA and many of these employ drug combinations as the chemotherapy component.…”

Section: Restoration Of Drug Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens

Chapman

Rathinam

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Restoration of the sensitivity of Eimeria acervulina to anticoccidial drugs in the chicken following use of a live coccidiosis vaccine

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction

Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction

Vaccination Against Poultry Parasites

Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens

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