Restoration of rain forest beneath pine plantations: A relay floristic model with special application to tropical South Asia

Ashton, Mark S.; Gunatilleke, C. V. S.; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N.; Singhakumara, B.M.P.; Gamage, S.; Shibayama, Tomohiro; Tomimura, Chisato

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.043

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…), increasing overstorey shade (Ashton et al. ), and the recovery of biotic processes such as pollination and seed dispersal (Kormann et al. , de la Peña‐Domene et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…regrowth , increasing overstorey shade (Ashton et al 2014), and the recovery of biotic processes such as pollination and seed dispersal (Kormann et al 2016, de la Peña-Domene et al 2016, but the impacts of these processes remain poorly understood. Forest recovery would also depend on the extent to which human disturbances such as pole cutting and fuelwood removal, which were recorded in a few of our restored sites (active and naturally regenerating) and are a common feature of tropical forests in human-dominated landscapes, can be effectively mitigated in the restored forest fragments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of restoration on tree communities and carbon storage in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India

et al. 2019

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Ecological restoration is a leading strategy for reversing biodiversity losses and enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration in degraded tropical forests. There have been few comprehensive assessments of recovery following restoration in fragmented forest landscapes, and the efficacy of active versus passive (i.e., natural regeneration) restoration remains unclear. We examined 11 indicators of forest structure, tree diversity and composition (adult and sapling), and aboveground carbon storage in 25 pairs of actively restored (AR; 7–15 yr after weed removal and mixed‐native tree species planting) and naturally regenerating (NR) plots within degraded rainforest fragments, and in 17 less‐disturbed benchmark (BM) rainforest plots in the Western Ghats, India. We assessed the effects of active restoration on the 11 indicators and tested the hypothesis that the effects of active restoration increase with isolation from contiguous and relatively intact rainforests. Active restoration significantly increased canopy cover, adult tree and sapling density, adult and sapling species density (overall and late‐successional), compositional similarity to benchmarks, and aboveground carbon storage, which recovered 14–82% toward BM targets relative to NR baselines. By contrast, tree height–diameter ratios and the proportion of native saplings did not recover consistently in actively restored forests. The effects of active restoration on canopy cover, species density (adult), late‐successional species density (adult and sapling), and species composition, but not carbon storage, increased with isolation across the fragmented landscape. Our findings show that active restoration can promote recovery of forest structure, composition, and carbon storage within 7–15 yr of restoration in degraded tropical rainforest fragments, although the benefits of active over passive restoration across fragmented landscapes would depend on indicator type and may increase with site isolation. These findings on early stages of recovery suggest that active restoration in ubiquitous fragmented landscapes of the tropics could complement passive restoration of degraded forests in less fragmented landscapes, and protection of intact forests, as a key strategy for conserving biodiversity and mitigating climate change.

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“…), increasing overstorey shade (Ashton et al. ), and the recovery of biotic processes such as pollination and seed dispersal (Kormann et al. , de la Peña‐Domene et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of restoration on tree communities and carbon storage in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India

et al. 2019

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“…Restoration is vital for recovery of tropical deforestation and degraded land, and for conservation of biodiversity (Ashton 2014;et al Kettle 2012). In the management of restoration, biodiversity and forest conservation, analysis of the flora diversity and composition, and combined understanding of ecology and environmental factors that influence the diversity in forests is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flora Diversity, Composition and Ecology in Besiq Bermai Tropical Forest of Damai District, East Kalimantan

Sofiah

Metusala²,

Trimanto³

et al. 2018

BIOTROPIA

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Besiq Bermai Forest is part of Kalimantan forests known for vast plant diversity. The present study aimed to investigate flora diversity, composition, and ecology in Besiq Bermai Forest to support the management of biodiversity and forest conservation. Thirteen plots were established with different sizes of plots (100 m x 20 m plots for trees; 40 m x 5 m plots for saplings; and 5 m x 5 m plots for understory). Data recorded included plant species name and individual number of each plant species. Data analysed were Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance and Important Value Index. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine relationship between edaphic components and flora occurrence. The results showed that there were 93 species of trees (belonging to 48 genera and 22 families), 112 species of saplings (belonging to 62 genera and 43 families), and 48 species of understory (belonging to 28 genera and 20 families). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') were 6.05, 6.25 and 3.26 for tree, saplings and understory, respectively. The most common family for tree and saplings in the forest ecosystem in this area was Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea spp). Species of tree with the highest importance value index were Dillenia excelsa, Syzygium sp. and Shorea parvifolia. The highest importance value index for species of saplings were Macaranga triloba and Shorea parvifolia; and for species of understory were Phrynium jagorianum. Ecological (edaphic) factors affecting the occurence and establishment of flora in Bermai forest were total N and C/N ratio. The present study has implication for the management of biodiversity and forest conservation.

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“…Among the most valuable NTFP's are rattans (Calamus spp. ), sugar palm (Caryota urens) and medicinal Coscinium fenestratum (Ashton et al 2014).…”

Section: Financial Analysis For a Rubber Plantation As A Monoculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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Lahjie AM, Lepong A, Simarangkir BDAS, Kristiningrum R, Ruslim Y. 2018. Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 707-716. The Dayak community of East Kalimantan in the last decade has begun to develop production systems that integrate forest timber tree species into plantation commodity enterprises. They have become aware that the natural forest species of their surroundings such as Meranti (Shorea sp.) and Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) are often easier to exploit economically, and represent potentially cheaper investments, than are introduced plantation crops such as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). This is because the price of rubber latex has decreased over the years and has ceased to give a financial return commensurate with the investment required to develop rubber as a monocrop. The research described in this paper aimed to evaluate the viability of a dipterocarp forest/rubber plantation system cultivated by people in the West Kutai District of East Kalimantan. The viability of the system was evaluated by (i) measuring its production of dipterocarp logs and natural rubber; (ii) determining the diameter distribution of its dipterocarp trees and (iii) assessing the financial feasibility of the dipterocarp/rubber system using the theories of increment production and basal area applied to the determination of Pay Back Period, Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost (B/C) ratio and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The research areas on which the evaluation was performed consisted of (1) a mixed population of Shorea spp. (Meranti) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and (2) a mixed population of Dryobalanops aromatica (Kapur) and rubber. The growth analysis of Shorea spp. combined with rubber as well as D. aromatica combined with rubber at the planting distance of 5m x 5m showed that the maximum cycle was reached at the age of 40 years. Whereas the rubber trees in monoculture cultivation reached their maximum cycle at the age of 17 years. The optimum increment of MAI and CAI of Shorea spp. combined with rubber reached 3.61 m3 ha-1 year-1 and 3.62 m3 ha-1 year-1 respectively. The maximum increment of MAI and CAI of Dryobalanops aromatica combined with rubber reached 3.09 m3 ha-1 year-1 and 3 m3 ha-1 year-1 respectively.

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Restoration of rain forest beneath pine plantations: A relay floristic model with special application to tropical South Asia

Cited by 52 publications

References 62 publications

Effects of restoration on tree communities and carbon storage in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India

Effects of restoration on tree communities and carbon storage in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India

Flora Diversity, Composition and Ecology in Besiq Bermai Tropical Forest of Damai District, East Kalimantan

Financial analysis of dipterocarp log production and rubber production in the forest and land rehabilitation program of Sekolaq Muliaq, West Kutai District, Indonesia

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