Restoration of multiplicity scaling in high energy proton-proton and antiproton-proton collisions

KNO scaling 30 years later

“…The proper meaning of Eq. (1) is that with increasing collision energy s the discrete multiplicity distributions P n can be approximated with increasing accuracy by a continuous probability density function f (x) via P n ≈ f (x = n) (KNO prescription) or by P n ≈ x=n+1 x=n f (x) dx (called KNO-G "scaling") where, in the most popular modification of the original scaling rule, f (x) has the generic Czyżewski-Rybicki form [5,6] f…”

“…where, in the most popular modification of the original scaling rule, f (x) has the generic Czyżewski-Rybicki form [5,6]…”

Possible oscillations of the KNO scaling and the leading-particle effect

“…7: the straight line k 1 shows an approximative behavior of the Serpukhov and Fermilab data (the first five points) as well as of the ISR data (the last four points); in this region of the average multiplicity n the approximate KNO scaling is observed (some years ago this phenomenon here was called "early scaling"). However, all data coming from the CERN SppS collider are found to be located with very good accuracy near the straight line w 1 , and the Wroblewski relation is working there very well (in the past, at the value n ≈ 29 also other three points which were located somehow out of that straight line have been published; they corresponded to earlier measurements and they are usually not considered anymore); more details can be found in [20].…”