Restoration of Declined Immune Responses and Hyperlipidemia by Rubus occidenalis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with a fatty diet and aging, is commonly observed in the western and aged society. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach for this disease is critical, and an immunological view has been suggested as a novel strategy, because hyperlipidemia is closely associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, the effects of an aqueous extract of Rubus occidentalis (RO) in obese mice were investigated using immunological indexes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, which was confirmed by biochemical analysis and examination of the mouse physiology. Two different doses of RO and rosuvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor used as a control, were orally administered. Disturbances in immune cellularity as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly normalized by oral administration of RO, which also decreased the elevated serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level and total cholesterol. The specific immune-related actions of RO comprised considerable improvement in cytotoxic T cell killing functions and regulation of antibody production to within the normal range. The immunological evidence confirms the significant cholesterol-lowering effect of RO, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and associated immune decline.

Metabolic Regulation of Glycolysis and AMP Activated Protein Kinase Pathways during Black Raspberry-Mediated Oral Cancer Chemoprevention

“…The immunomodulatory properties of the BRB phytochemicals cyanidine-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside on immune cells have also been demonstrated in in vitro studies. However, although mechanisms of oral cancer inhibition by BRB phytochemicals are beginning to emerge [13,14,15,16], there remain large gaps in our understanding of how the complex mixture of BRB phytochemicals and their metabolites affect the global metabolic pathways during oral carcinogenesis.…”

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain TCI904 reduces body weight gain, modulates immune response, improves metabolism and anxiety in high fat diet-induced obese mice

“…Both organs change in size due to immune status, and their weight can be used as an immune indicator. The thymus shrinks with age, and a HFD can accelerate this phenomenon; additionally, splenomegaly has been observed in HFD-fed mice (Lee et al 2017 ). A previous study reported that a HFD impairs the ability of dendritic cells to facilitate T cell expansion and may in turn reduce differentiation of IgA-producing cells (James et al 2012 ).…”

Effect of Hyperlipidemia on Cell Mediated Immunity; Could it be as Predisposing Factor of Cancer Risk?

“…Dyslipidemia, in particular high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia is considered as an important metabolic disease throughout the world that is significantly associated with inflammation [26,27]. Hyperlipidemia begins partial inflammation by change of leukocyte activity and disrupting cytokine regulation, which worsens over time.…”