Restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease: a comparative study on prevalence, clinical characteristics, quality of life and nutritional status

Fereshtehnejad, Seyed‐Mohammad; Shafieesabet, Mahdiyeh; Shahidi, Gholam Ali; Delbari, Ahmad; Lökk, Johan

doi:10.1111/ane.12307

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We didn't find statistical difference of duration of PD between PD patients with or without RLS which is compatible with most previous studies [5,[7][8][9][10]12,15]. We found PD/RLS patients had younger age of PD onset (P b 0.01), this is echoed by some previous studies [5,8,14].…”

Section: Clinical Profile Between Pd Patients With and Without Rlssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We found PD/RLS patients had younger age of PD onset (P b 0.01), this is echoed by some previous studies [5,8,14]. However, some studies observed opposite results that PD/RLS patients seemed to be older at PD onset [13], others found no statistical differences [3,10,12,15]. Whether relatively younger age of PD onset is related with RLS is not clear and future larger sample studies are required to elucidate.…”

Section: Clinical Profile Between Pd Patients With and Without Rlsmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…Most of the previous cross-sectional studies on RLS in PD didn't exclude secondary RLS and did not meet the updated RLS diagnostic criteria [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18]. In this study, we had excluded known causes of other secondary RLS according to comprehensive examinations and also excluded patients taking certain medicines to induce possible RLS mimic symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous prevalence studies showed an association of the two conditions with various reported incidence that varied from 0% to 50% often considered as due to ethnic differences [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, most of the previous studied didn't exclude secondary RLS [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18]. Leg motor restlessness (LMR), which is recently regarded as a kind of "focal akathisia" [19], was described in 2011 as a desire to move the limbs usually associated with paresthesias/dysesthesias but not fulfilling the full RLS criteria [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical characteristics of leg restlessness in Parkinson's disease compared with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

Zhu

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Clinical Profile Between Pd Patients With and Without Rlssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Clinical Profile Between Pd Patients With and Without Rlsmentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical characteristics of leg restlessness in Parkinson's disease compared with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

Zhu

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…A case-control study from Singapore [34] suggested that RLS occurred in 3% of patients with PD vs. 0.5% of controls. In a cross-sectional study performed in Iran [35] , the authors enrolled 108 consecutive patients with idiopathic PD and 424 healthy controls. Data were collected by direct interview and hospital charts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study in Primary Care in Italy

et al. 2016

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Background: There are no studies on prevalence, incidence and comorbidities of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Italian population. Methods: The database of 700 Italian general practitioners (population, 923,356) was investigated. All patients with International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision - Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis of PD during the period 2002-2012 were included. Parkinsonisms were excluded. Clinical conditions preceding PD were identified through ICD-9-CM codes. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used. PD crude and standardized prevalence and annual incidence were calculated. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for comorbidities. Results: A total of 2,204 patients (1,140 men, 1,064 women, age 22-95 years) were included. The crude prevalence of PD was 239/100,000. Prevalence increased exponentially with age. Standardized prevalence was 233 (95% CI 232-235). One hundred ninety-four patients were newly diagnosed, giving a crude incidence of 22/100,000 and a standardized incidence of 23.1/100,000 (95% CI 22.9-23.2). Incidence increased steadily until age 75-84 years and then decreased. Older age, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, and restless-legs syndrome were associated with increased PD risk and smoking and hypersomnia with decreased PD risk. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with PD risk with a documented gradient. Conclusions: Prevalence and incidence of PD in Italy are in line with studies with the highest case ascertainment. PD risk varies with the number and type of comorbidities.

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Periodic Limb Movements while Awake (PLMA) as a Manifestation of Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Alshimemeri

Luca

Olszewska

et al. 2022

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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BackgroundBackground: Periodic limb movements while awake (PLMA) are similar to Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) but occurring during wakefulness and seen in association with restless leg syndrome (RLS). Objectives Objectives: To describe PLMA as a wearing-off phenomenon in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Methods Methods: We describe four individuals with PD and PLMS, who had associated similar periodic and stereotypic lower extremity movements during wakefulness, thought to be secondary to PLMA, and were highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment. ResultsResults: Despite the prevalence of RLS and PLMS in individuals with PD, the presence of similar movements during wakefulness has not been well characterized. The lack of a specific diagnostic criteria poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Conclusions Conclusions: We describe, for the first time to our knowledge, PLMA as a wearing-off phenomenon in PD. This entity could be classified in the spectrum of "low-dose dyskinesia," as we found that it was highly responsive to dopaminergic treatment.Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are characterized by repetitive, periodic and highly stereotypical limb movements during sleep, which may be associated with arousal. 1 PLMS are strongly associated with restless leg syndrome (RLS), which is distinguished by the presence of unpleasant or uncomfortable urge to move the legs that occurs during periods of inactivity and is transiently relieved by movement. 2,3 Patients with RLS manifest a wide variety of voluntary movements in attempt to relieve the uncomfortable subjective complaints associated with restlessness.Distinct from the more common voluntary movements performed in an attempt to relieve the subjective RLS symptoms, RLS patients may experience movements similar to PLMS but during wakefulness, referred to as periodic limb movements while awake (PLMA). 4 Although Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been associated with a higher prevalence of RLS symptoms in general, 5 to our knowledge PLMA has not been described in Parkinson's disease as a "low-dose dyskinesia." Methods and ResultsIn this case series, we describe four individuals with PD and associated PLMA as a possible wearing-off manifestation with significant

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Restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease: a comparative study on prevalence, clinical characteristics, quality of life and nutritional status

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical characteristics of leg restlessness in Parkinson's disease compared with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

Clinical characteristics of leg restlessness in Parkinson's disease compared with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study in Primary Care in Italy

Periodic Limb Movements while Awake (PLMA) as a Manifestation of Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

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