Restless leg syndrome as co-morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Rajender, Akash; Gaurav, Rahul; Kanwal, Krishna; Chaudhri, R. S.; Deepa, C; Choudhary, Priyanka; Mona, N

doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20161076

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is no earlier study that focuses on the onset of disease with respect to age. However, some mention that the earlier onset of RLS is before the age of 45 [30], the prevalence increases with age [15], while one study says that it is more common in younger adults [3]. Another study which was done to check the prevalence of depressive disorder in restless leg syndrome patients mentioned that there was no significant relation between RLS and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of people from various ethnicities and is a remarkably diverse country as it has 4 different provinces with 6 major ethnic groups and several small groups. In addition to that, theoretically, it is said that the prevalence of RLS increases with age [15] and more in young adults [3], but there is no research in the recent literature that provides any evidence to support this statement. A high prevalence of RLS has been associated with female gender as well [3,16], whereas, previous research stated that male gender plays a role in development of primary RLS [17].…”

Section: Cimmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pakistan and Its Relationship With Depression, Gender, and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zahid,

Ali

2024

Chronobiol Med

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Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder known to cause an uncomfortable feeling in the legs, that is alleviated by movement and the symptoms are worse at night or in the evening This study aims to find out the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Pakistan and to investigate whether it has any association with depression, gender or age.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample size of 377 was calculated using Raosoft. However, 400 participants were included after informed verbal consent, but after 20 dropouts, 380 sample size was finalized. The diagnosis of RLS was done by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of depression and its severity was checked by Becks Depression Inventory. A series of tests, namely, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were calculated via SPSS Software version 27.Results: The prevalence of RLS in Pakistan is 23.7%. There was no difference in depression score with respect to RLS (F=0.270, p=0.604), and there was no difference in severity of depressive symptoms with respect to RLS (p=0.741). There was no difference in gender in prevalence of RLS (χ<sup>2</sup>=1.842, p=0.175). However, there is significant difference in RLS with respect to age (χ<sup>2</sup>=9.598, p=0.048).Conclusion: RLS is quite common in Pakistan with a prevalence of 23.7%. However, the onset of RLS is unrelated to depression and gender, but the prevalence of RLS increases with age. Future studies should focus on investigating severity of RLS and ways to prevent it. It is relation with age can be studied further to help with the prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pakistan and Its Relationship With Depression, Gender, and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zahid,

Ali

2024

Chronobiol Med

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“…This increase in WED in diabetes mellitus may be due to a decrease in dopamine in striatum and midbrain as found in animal models though similar studies are lacking in humans. [ 27 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different stages of chronic kidney disease on the severity of Willis–Ekbom disease

Bhagawati

Kumar

Agrawal

et al. 2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Introduction:Willis–Ekbom disease (WED)/restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder in which the patient has neurologic features such as urge of rhythmic limb movement that may decrease or stop when the limb is moved. In this study, we had tried to compare the severity of WED in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and Methods:In this study, a total of 300 patients with CKD who were >18 years of age were included. All the participants were subjected to questionnaire for the diagnosis of RLS (essential clinical criteria for the diagnosis of RLS) and a questionnaire on International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale for its severity.Observation and Results:Our study showed a prevalence of 20% of WED in patients with CKD. Patients with CKD on hemodialysis had significantly more WED than the conservative group (P = 0.0001). Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus showed significant correlation with WED (P = 0.026), while patients who had a history of hypertension showed both diabetes mellitus and hypertension and smoking had no significant relation with WED (P = 0.27, P = 0.23, and P = 0.22, respectively). The different stages of CKD showed significant correlation with WED (P = 0.002), with more WED among patients with stage V CKD. WED was more in patients on hemodialysis (P = 0.0001). The correlation of different stages of CKD with the severity of WED was statistically significant (P = 0.029), with WED being more severe among stage V CKD.Conclusion:WED was more prevalent among patients with CKD who are on maintenance hemodialysis and diabetes mellitus. However, no such relation could be established for hypertension alone. Patients with higher grades of CKD were more prone to have WED symptoms, and the severity of these symptoms increases with the stages of CKD.

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“…This strong urge to move the legs is generally accompanied by unpleasant and uncomfortable sensations. The prevalence of RLS in patients with cirrhosis is estimated to be 26.1%–55.0% 57,58,60 . The onset and deterioration of RLS are at rest and to some extent mitigated following movement 61 .…”

Section: Mechanisms and Associations For Sleep Disturbance In Patient...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis: Pursuing just right

Hui,

Chen,

Sun

2023

Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis

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Liver cirrhosis represents the end‐stage of chronic liver disease and is related to high morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no standard curative method for liver cirrhosis, but there is treatment for common complications. Therefore, improving the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with cirrhosis has become a potential therapeutic intervention by limiting its symptoms and complications. Sleep is a complex and rhythmic physiological process and is crucial to human health. Sleep disturbances are commonly encountered in patients with cirrhosis and adversely affect their HRQoL. Recently, sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis have received growing attention owing to their reciprocal effects. To better understand the effect of sleep disturbances on patients with cirrhosis, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology and underlying mechanisms of sleep disturbances in cirrhosis. We also elaborate on the mutual relationships between sleep disturbances and other complications, such as muscle cramps, malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, HRQoL, and hepatic encephalopathy, in the context of cirrhosis. Finally, we discuss the potential management to improve poor sleep quality in patients with cirrhosis.

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Restless leg syndrome as co-morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pakistan and Its Relationship With Depression, Gender, and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

Incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pakistan and Its Relationship With Depression, Gender, and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study

Impact of different stages of chronic kidney disease on the severity of Willis–Ekbom disease

Sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis: Pursuing just right

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