Impact of different stages of chronic kidney disease on the severity of Willis–Ekbom disease

Abstract

Introduction:Willis–Ekbom disease (WED)/restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder in which the patient has neurologic features such as urge of rhythmic limb movement that may decrease or stop when the limb is moved. In this study, we had tried to compare the severity of WED in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and Methods:In this study, a total of 300 patients with CKD who were >18 years of age were included. All the participants were subjected to questionnaire for the diagnosis of RLS (essential clinical criteria for the diagnosis of RLS) and a questionnaire on International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale for its severity.Observation and Results:Our study showed a prevalence of 20% of WED in patients with CKD. Patients with CKD on hemodialysis had significantly more WED than the conservative group (P = 0.0001). Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus showed significant correlation with WED (P = 0.026), while patients who had a history of hypertension showed both diabetes mellitus and hypertension and smoking had no significant relation with WED (P = 0.27, P = 0.23, and P = 0.22, respectively). The different stages of CKD showed significant correlation with WED (P = 0.002), with more WED among patients with stage V CKD. WED was more in patients on hemodialysis (P = 0.0001). The correlation of different stages of CKD with the severity of WED was statistically significant (P = 0.029), with WED being more severe among stage V CKD.Conclusion:WED was more prevalent among patients with CKD who are on maintenance hemodialysis and diabetes mellitus. However, no such relation could be established for hypertension alone. Patients with higher grades of CKD were more prone to have WED symptoms, and the severity of these symptoms increases with the stages of CKD.

Global prevalence of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Additionally, it is worth noting that the global prevalence of RLS among HD patients (27.2%) was remarkably higher compared to the general adult population (3%) (Broström et al., 2023). The high prevalence of RLS in HD patients may be due to the fact that reduced renal clearance and inflammatory stimuli can lead to significantly higher levels of iron‐modulating hormones in HD patients, which can cause lower serum iron levels, which in turn can impair iron utilization in the brain, leading to the incidence of RLS (Bhagawati et al., 2019; Chu et al., 2014; Sultan et al., 2022). Therefore, health care professionals should actively conduct early screening for RLS in HD patients and consider proactive interventions to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes.…”

Effect of Self-developed Ye’an Analgetic Decoction/Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao Decoction Combined with Tramadol on TCM Symptom Scores and RLS Severity of patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

“…It is generally believed that RLS may have a close bearing on dopamine system dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, iron deficiency, bone diseases and genetic factors. [13][14][15] RLS has no exact TCM disease name, but its symptoms are similar to "blood arthralgia" and "sore leg" described in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and Neijing. At present, most TCM scholars classify it as "arthralgia syndrome", which is marked by three evils of wind-cold-dampness, stagnation of qi-flowing, and dystrophy of meridians.…”

Systematic Review of Prevalence of Sleep Problems in India: A Wake- up Call for Promotion of Sleep Health

“…Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) remained a symptom which was found in many studies and analysis for EDS was done. Studies reporting insomnia or insomnia like features , OSA 13,22,26,27, , RLS 10,15,19,25,28,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] and excessive daytime sleepiness 11,17,40,59,60,67,72,80,88,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] were analysed. The details of which are tabulated in Table 1.…”