Resting pulse rate among adolescents: the 11-year follow-up of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study

Abstract

(SD = 11.0) in the total sample, 76.5bpm (SD = 10.7) in boys, and 80.2bpm (SD = 10.9; p < 0.001) IntroductionThe epidemiological transition, characterized by a progressive decrease in morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases and a proportional increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases and injuries 1 , demands a reorientation of public health research. One of the field's main current challenges is to elucidate the risk and protective factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries, including the investigation of biological and social exposures that increase the disease risk at the population level. Evidence shows that resting pulse rate is a strong predictor of risk for coronary diseases 2,3,4,5 .Until recent years there was a clear tendency to evaluate risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries mainly in adults. However, it is now known that the future risk of chronic diseases is influenced by factors that begin during intrauterine life 6 and extend into adulthood, with adolescence as a particularly important period when life habits are established 7 . The literature on factors associated with resting pulse rate is scarce, especially in relation to risk factors for pulse rate levels. Most articles on resting pulse rate evaluate its consequences 2,3,4,5 , especially for risk of coronary diseases. Studies on adolescents are even more scarce 8 .This study aimed to fill part of the gap in this knowledge by describing the resting pulse rate ARTIGO ARTICLE

Resting heart rate in children and adolescents: association with blood pressure, exercise and obesity

“…A weak association between RHR and obesity was noted. The negative association between higher RHR and age is consistent with the findings from previous studies 6 7. We also show that the gender difference of RHR in children was independent of age, anthropometry and exercise frequency.…”

“…A positive correlation between BMI and RHR has been noted in Brazilian boys,8 and between weight and RHR in Italian adolescents 6. However, in another study from Brazil of 11-year-old adolescents, no and even a negative association was found between BMI and RHR in both sexes after adjusting for confounders 7. In our study, WC was found to have the highest correlation in univariate analyses in all groups of children and adolescents.…”

Blood Pressure During Leg Extension in Children

“…This is in accordance with the results from a study by Hallal et al [ 14 ] on 4 452 children aged 11. Hallal et al [ 14 ] reported a mean HR of 78 bpm. The mean HR in the present study was 77 bpm (boys), and 80 bpm (girls).…”

“…The mean HR in the present study was 77 bpm (boys), and 80 bpm (girls). The psychological stress related to the test situation may have infl uenced the relatively higher HR in the present study than in the study by Hallal et al [ 14 ] . Resting HR increased signifi cantly by 16 % after 30R compared to resting HR after 1RM.…”

Association between resting heart rate and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

“…Risk factor clustering has also been associated with abnormal vascular structure and function in youth [36]. It has also been reported that both the RHR [26,28] and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors behave in a gender-dependent way [1]. It remains less clear if the association between the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and RHR is also different between genders.…”