Resting and exercise energy metabolism in weight‐reduced adults with severe obesity

Abstract

Objective: To determine effects of physical activity (PA) with diet-induced weight loss on energy metabolism in adults with severe obesity. Methods: Adults with severe obesity (n 5 11) were studied across 6 months of intervention, then compared with controls with less severe obesity (n 5 7) or normal weight (n 5 9). Indirect calorimetry measured energy metabolism during exercise and rest. Markers of muscle oxidation were determined by immunohistochemistry. Data were presented as medians. Results: The intervention induced 7% weight loss (P 5 0.001) and increased vigorous PA by 24 min/wk (P 5 0.02). During exercise, energy expenditure decreased, efficiency increased (P 0.03), and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) did not change. Succinate dehydrogenase increased (P 5 0.001), but fiber type remained the same. Post-intervention subjects' resting metabolism remained similar to controls. Efficiency was lower in post-intervention subjects compared with normal-weight controls exercising at 25 W (P 0.002) and compared with all controls exercising at 60% VO 2peak (P 0.019). Resting and exercise FAO of post-intervention subjects remained similar to adults with less severe obesity. Succinate dehydrogenase and fiber type were similar across all body weight statuses. Conclusions: While metabolic adaptations to PA during weight loss occur in adults with severe obesity, FAO does not change. Resulting FAO during rest and exercise remains similar to adults with less severe obesity.

Dietary supplementation with camu-camu and continuous exercises in the treatment of obesity

“…It has already been discussed in this text the importance of aerobic swimming exercise in the mobilization of fatty tissues, which may imply alterations in lipid metabolism and lipoprotein levels specifically, with increased enzyme activity, favoring a higher catabolism of lipoproteins rich in triglycerides, forming less atherogenic LDL particles [35,36] which leads to the hypothesis that the fruit has a potential of bioactive compounds in its nutritional composition with several antioxidant components [7][8][9]37] which may have potentiated the reduction of lipid markers. The control of the availability of energy substrates in the exercise is determined largely by hormonal adjustments, mainly the decrease of insulin, contributing to increase the effect of counter regulatory hormones on the liver, favoring the production of glucose, increasing the mobilization of adipose tissue triglycerides and muscular and muscular glycogen [4].…”

“…Considering obesity is multifactorial, one of the strategies to be used would be the adoption of a heathy and balanced diet supplying the daily energy intake and make the individual adept regular physical activities [3,4]. Some studies show the use of physical activities as a cooperator in the treatment not only when the individual is exercising, but a series of adjetments after the activity, avoiding the unwanted body fat gains [4][5][6].…”

Attenuating the Biologic Drive for Weight Regain Following Weight Loss: Must What Goes Down Always Go Back Up?

“…As previously described, diet-induced reductions in body mass will cause increased metabolic efficiency at low work intensities characteristic of NEAT [69,70,71]. Added to this increased energy efficiency are the possibilities that the amount of activity may be reduced with weight loss, and initiating a program of exercise to enhance energy expenditure could result in compensatory decreases in NEAT [130].…”

Examining changes in respiratory exchange ratio within an 8‐week weight loss intervention

“…Limitations of the present study include the small sample size. However, the study was powered using g*power based on a study that examined energy metabolism and fat oxidation in a small sample of 20 individuals . Our sample was also predominantly Caucasian sample, which may make it difficult to generalise to other populations.…”