Responses of woodland caribou to winter ecotourism in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, Canada

Duchesne, M.; Côté, Steeve D.; Barrette, Cyrille

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00082-3

Cited by 84 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The responses to human activity we documented for wolves and elk may have energetic costs similar to anti-predator behaviors (Frid and Dill 2002). Duchesne et al (2000) observed that woodland caribou increased time spent in vigilance behavior at the expense of foraging as eco-tourist visits increased in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, Canada. Cassirer et al (1992) estimated that elk needed to consume an additional 295 g/day of forage to compensate for movement away from cross country skiers in Yellowstone National Park.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks

Rogala¹,

Hebblewhite²,

Whittington³

et al. 2011

E&S

135

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. National parks are important for conservation of species such as wolves (Canis lupus) and elk (Cervus canadensis). However, topography, vegetation conditions, and anthropogenic infrastructure within parks may limit available habitat. Human activity on trails and roads may lead to indirect habitat loss, further limiting available habitat. Predators and prey may respond differentially to human activity, potentially disrupting ecological processes. However, research on such impacts to wildlife is incomplete, especially at fine spatial and temporal scales. Our research investigated the relationship between wolf and elk distribution and human activity using fine-scale Global Positioning System (GPS) wildlife telemetry locations and hourly human activity measures on trails and roads in Banff, Kootenay, and Yoho National Parks, Canada. We observed a complex interaction between the distance animals were located from trails and human activity level resulting in species adopting both mutual avoidance and differential response behaviors. In areas < 50 m from trails human activity led to a mutual avoidance response by both wolves and elk. In areas 50 -400 m from trails low levels of human activity led to differential responses; wolves avoided these areas, whereas elk appeared to use these areas as a predation refugia. These differential impacts on elk and wolves may have important implications for trophic dynamics. As human activity increased above two people/hour, areas 50 -400 m from trails were mutually avoided by both species, resulting in the indirect loss of important montane habitat. If park managers are concerned with human impacts on wolves and elk, or on these species' trophic interactions with other species, they can monitor locations near trails and roads and consider hourly changes of human activity levels in areas important to wildlife.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks

Rogala¹,

Hebblewhite²,

Whittington³

et al. 2011

E&S

135

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much research has been undertaken to identify key habitats of the Arctic region as a means of ensuring that these sites are either protected or recognized for special management as part of environmental reviews of projects. Aside from identifying the most important habitats for consideration, some research has also considered a variety of less direct effects, such as introduction of novel, invasive species (e.g., Chan et al 2015), changes to activity patterns and reactions of predators and scavengers to development sites (Johnson et al 2005;Liebezeit et al 2009), effects of noise on wildlife (e.g., Richardson et al 1985;Cosens and Dueck 1993), and the effects of disturbance in areas near wildlife (e.g., Duchesne et al 2000;Blumstein et al 2003;Beale and Monaghan 2004). However, most researchers and policy-makers would admit that much remains unknown (e.g., Arctic Council 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of ground-nesting marine birds to human disturbance in the Canadian Arctic

Mallory

2016

Arctic Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I studied the reactions of five ground-nesting marine bird species (Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), Sabine's gull (Xema sabini), common eider (Somateria mollissima), longtailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), and Ross' gull (Rhodostethia rosea)) breeding in the low and high Arctic to disturbance from nearby aircraft as well as avian flight initiation response to humans approaching on foot. All species except nesting long-tailed ducks and common eiders departed their nest when overhead aircraft were within 200 m, with loafing birds often flying off when aircraft were still 1 km away. There was considerable individual and species-specific variation in responses to approaching humans, with some nesting birds not flushing from their nest until touched by a researcher (e.g., waterfowl, 0 m), while others flushed when people were 400 m away (Ross's gull). Excluding Ross's gulls, 95% of the individuals of most species did not initiate flight until humans were ≤100 m from the nest, suggesting that this might represent a minimum, suitable "buffer zone" around nesting colonies for nonmotorized human activities.Key words: marine bird, nest, disturbance, Arctic, flush.Résumé : J'ai étudié les réactions de cinq espèces d'oiseaux marins (sterne arctique (Sterna paradisaea), mouette de Sabine (Xema sabini), eider à duvet (Somateria mollissima), harelde kakawi (Clangula hyemalis) et mouette rosée (Rhodostethia rosea)) se reproduisant dans le BasArctique et le Haut-Arctique, et ce, dans un environnement de perturbations causées par des aéronefs à proximité, ainsi que le déclenchement du vol aviaire en réaction à des humains s'approchant à pied. Toutes les espèces, sauf les hareldes kakawis et les eiders à duvet qui nichaient, ont quitté leur nid lorsqu'un aéronef survolait à une distance inférieure à 200 m, alors que les oiseaux au repos s'envolaient souvent lorsque les aéronefs se trouvaient encore à une distance de 1 km. Il y avait une grande variation individuelle et spécifique à l'espèce en ce qui a trait aux réponses à l'approche des humains, alors que quelques oiseaux nicheurs ne s'envolaient pas de leur nid jusqu'à ce qu'un chercheur les touche (ex., sauvagine, 0 m), tandis que d'autres s'envolaient lorsque les personnes étaient à 400 m (mouette rosée). En excluant les mouettes rosées, 95% des individus de la plupart des espèces n'ont pas amorcé le vol jusqu'à ce que les humains soient à ≤100 m du nid, suggérant que ceci peut représenter une « zone tampon » minimale et appropriée autour de la nidification des colonies, et ce, pour les activités humaines non motorisées.

show abstract

“…Less overt effects can arise from trade-offs that animals make [3], such as deciding to remain in disturbed areas and tolerating higher exposure levels where prey are abundant [4]. However, these trade-offs may also influence activity budgets, potentially affecting fecundity and survival [1,5] or having biologically significant consequences at a population level [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in harbour porpoise activity in response to seismic survey noise

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals exposed to anthropogenic disturbance make trade-offs between perceived risk and the cost of leaving disturbed areas. Impact assessments tend to focus on overt behavioural responses leading to displacement, but tradeoffs may also impact individual energy budgets through reduced foraging performance. Previous studies found no evidence for broad-scale displacement of harbour porpoises exposed to impulse noise from a 10 day two-dimensional seismic survey. Here, we used an array of passive acoustic loggers coupled with calibrated noise measurements to test whether the seismic survey influenced the activity patterns of porpoises remaining in the area. We showed that the probability of recording a buzz declined by 15% in the ensonified area and was positively related to distance from the source vessel. We also estimated received levels at the hydrophones and characterized the noise response curve. Our results demonstrate how environmental impact assessments can be developed to assess more subtle effects of noise disturbance on activity patterns and foraging efficiency.

show abstract

Responses of woodland caribou to winter ecotourism in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, Canada

Cited by 84 publications

References 14 publications

Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks

Human Activity Differentially Redistributes Large Mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks

Reactions of ground-nesting marine birds to human disturbance in the Canadian Arctic

Variation in harbour porpoise activity in response to seismic survey noise

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About