Responses of Lipolysis and Salivary Cortisol to Food Intake and Physical Activity in Lean and Obese Children

Hershberger, A. M.; McCammon, Michael R.; Garry, Joseph P.; Mahar, Matthew T.; Hickner, Robert C.

doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031144

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Although this concurs with previous research (Lac and Berthon 2000;Dimitriou et al 2002;McGuigan et al 2004;Di Luigi et al 2006), there have been exceptions in the literature (Sills and Cerny 1983;Ben-Aryeh et al 1989;Hershberger et al 2004). Normally, exercise would be expected to increase cortisol levels (Dimitriou et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

et al. 2009

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This study investigated the effect of repeated bouts of short-term, high-intensity cycling exercise on the salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) concentrations of 15-16 year old boys. Seventeen apparently healthy schoolchildren (aged 15.5 +/- 0.4 years) participated in this study. All participants completed 6 x 8 s sprints, interspersed with 30 s recovery intervals on a cycle ergometer. Using the passive drool method, salivary samples were taken before, and 5 min after, exercise. The group mean for peak power output was 723.1 +/- 180.3 s. There were significant changes (p < or = 0.05) in both SalT and SalC, 5 min after completing 6 x 8 s cycle sprints. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded for SIg(A). The increases in SalT and SalC reported in this study confirm that repeated bouts of short-term, high-intensity exercise produces significant physiological hormonal responses in adolescent boys, but does not affect mucosal immune function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

et al. 2009

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“…Our results are consistent with those by Sari-Sarraf et al (2007) who showed that a soccer-specific exercise is able to cause an increase in salivary cortisol when performed in the afternoon but not in the morning. Similarly, Hershberger et al (2004) have reported that a 26-min exercise session performed at 1230 hours was associated with no significant change in lean children, and with a significant decrease in obese children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Intense physical exercise increases systemic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in healthy adult subjects

et al. 2009

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Intense physical exercise activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis but little is known about changes in glucocorticoid sensitivity at the target cell level. No data are available on the acute effects of exercise on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) type 1 activity, which generates biologically active cortisol from inactive cortisone and is expressed also in skeletal muscle. Fifteen healthy, trained males (age mean +/- SE 28 +/- 1) were assessed on three non-consecutive days: at rest, during an endurance and strength sessions. During each session, between 1000 and 1600 hours, 6-h urine and four salivary samples were collected. Urinary total tetrahydrocortisol (THF) + alloTHF, tetrahydrocortisone (THE), cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) were measured with HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry; urinary-unconjugated F and E were measured by HPLC-UV. Salivary cortisol and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by RIA and ELISA, respectively. Both endurance and strength exercises caused an increase in (THF + alloTHF)/THE ratio (mean +/- SE 1.90 +/- 0.07 and 1.82 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.63 +/- 0.06, P < 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively), consistent with increased systemic 11beta-HSD type 1 activity. No relationship was found with age, BMI, VO(2max) maximal power load or perceived exertion. No significant change was apparent in F/E ratio, an index of 11beta-HSD type 2 activity. No effect of exercise on salivary cortisol and IL-6 was observed, whereas a significant effect of sampling time was found. Intense physical exercise acutely increases systemic 11beta-HSD type 1 activity in humans. Such an increase may lead to higher cortisol concentration in target tissues, notably in skeletal muscle where it could contribute to limit exercise-induced muscle inflammatory response.

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“…Time of awakening (Federenko et al 2004) and nocturnal awakening (Hucklebridge et al 2000), what is found frequently in pregnant women, may also affect salivary cortisol levels. Food intake (Hershberger et al 2004), caffeine (Lovallo et al 2005), and moderate physical activity (Frey 1982) may be physiological challenges to the HPA axis. Although most pregnant women stay abstinent from alcohol and nicotine, both can have pronounced effects on the endocrine function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels in pregnancy as a psychobiological predictor for birth weight

Bolten

Wurmser

Buske‐Kirschbaum

et al. 2010

Arch Womens Ment Health

152

106

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Antenatal maternal stress is thought to negatively affect fetal development, birth outcomes, and infant's development. Glucocorticoids are suggested to be a common link between prenatal stressors and infant's health. However, data on these mechanisms are rare and sometimes conflicting. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of maternal distress during pregnancy on fetal development and birth weight in humans prospectively. This study focuses on cortisol as one mediating the mechanism of the association between maternal distress and birth outcomes. Pregnancy-related and general distress was measured in 81 women with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. The rise of salivary cortisol on awakening (CAR) was assessed in weeks 13-18 and 35-37 postmenstrual age of pregnancy. Mothers completed a structured interview, the perceived stress scale, a widely used psychological instrument that provided a global measure of perceived stress, as well as the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, a self-report questionnaire designed to assess worries and anxiety in pregnancy. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal medical risk factors as well as birth characteristics were extracted from medical records routinely kept by the attending obstetricians. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicate that maternal cortisol levels explained 19.8% of the variance in birth weight and 9% of the variance in body length at birth, even after controlling for gestational age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, smoking, and infant's sex. Newborns of mothers with higher cortisol levels in pregnancy had lower birth weights and were shorter at birth. An ANCOVA for repeated measures indicated that, after controlling for covariates, pregnancy-related as well as general distress in pregnancy did not influence cortisol levels after awakening (area under the curve). No significant associations between perceived stress and anthrometric measures at birth were found. In conclusion, maternal cortisol levels in pregnancy influence intrauterine growth and may be a better predictor for birth outcome than perceived stress.

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Responses of Lipolysis and Salivary Cortisol to Food Intake and Physical Activity in Lean and Obese Children

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

Intense physical exercise increases systemic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in healthy adult subjects

Cortisol levels in pregnancy as a psychobiological predictor for birth weight

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