The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

Thomas, Non E.; Leyshon, A.; Hughes, Michael G.; Davies, Bruce; Graham, Michael R.; Baker, Julien S.

doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1146-y

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A difference between maximum effort during running and cycling has been described for children, and may be explained by the fact that greater muscle mass is involved during running (28) . Also, previous studies have shown that cortisol levels increase even after short bouts of exercise (13) , and continue to increase after acute exercise has stopped (29) . In the present study, salivary cortisol levels not only remained unchanged or decreased immediately after the exercise test, but also, in the majority of the children, levels had not returned to pre-exercise levels 15 min after recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Non-invasive measurement of adrenal response after standardized exercise tests in prepubertal children

Heijsman

Koers

Bocca³

et al. 2012

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Objective:To determine the feasibility of non-invasive evaluation of adrenal response in healthy prepubertal children by standardized exercise tests. Methods: On separate occasions, healthy prepubertal children performed a submaximal cycling test, a maximal cycling test, and a 20-m shuttle-run test. Salivary cortisol levels were determined before exercise, and 1 and 15 min after exercise. Results: Immediately after cessation of the cycling and shuttle-run tests, salivary cortisol levels remained unchanged or decreased. Fifteen minutes after the shuttle-run test, salivary cortisol levels increased signifi cantly. This increase in salivary cortisol levels was not observed 15 min after the cessation of the cycling tests. Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate a different response in salivary cortisol levels after standardized cycling and running tests in prepubertal children. The increase in salivary cortisol levels found after a short standardized running test suggests that this may be a practical non-invasive method for evaluating adrenal response in healthy prepubertal children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Non-invasive measurement of adrenal response after standardized exercise tests in prepubertal children

Heijsman

Koers

Bocca³

et al. 2012

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…The increase in its concentration in venous blood serum during physical work was observed by Matsuse et al (26) and by Madarame et al (24). These authors also emphasized high contribution of androgens to increase muscle mass caused by training (17,(36)(37)(38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of creatine malate supplementation on physical performance, body composition and selected hormone levels in spinters and long-distance runners

Tyka¹,

Chwastowski

Cisoń³

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether creatine malate (CML) supplementation results in similar ergogenic effect in sprinters and long-distance runners. The other goal was to compare changes in body composition, physical performance and hormone levels after six-week training in athletes, divided into subgroups supplemented with creatine malate or taking placebo. Results: Six-week supplementation combined with physical training induced different effects in athletes. Significantly higher increases in relative and absolute peak power and total work (p < 0.05) were found in sprinters compared to other groups. Except for growth hormone, post-exercise venous blood serum hormone levels exhibited no statistically significant differences in athletes. After CML loading period, a significant increase in growth hormone was found in the group of sprinters. Conclusions: A significant ergogenic effect was found in sprinters, which was reflected by the increase in anaerobic exercise indices and morphological indices and elevated growth hormone level, after graded exercise testing. The significant increase in the distance covered during graded test was only observed in supplemented long-distance runners, whereas no significant changes in maximal oxygen uptake, relative peak power and relative total work were noticed. This could be caused by later anaerobic threshold appearance in exercise test to exhaustion.Keywords: long-distance runners, sprinters, creatine malate supplementation, body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, peak power output, growth hormone, cortisol, testosteroneThe effect of creatine on physical performance development is a subject of interest among many researchers. Since its discovery in 1832 by Chevreul, the effect of creatine on the human body has been investigated in numerous laboratories all over the world. The welldocumented properties of creatine include its biosynthesis and distribution in human body (19,39), its role in energy conversion in skeletal muscles and delayed fatigue (18,20,40), pattern and the effect of creatine intake on ability to perform physical exercise (2,7,12,13).

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“…Such hormones include testosterone and cortisol. Unbound to carrier proteins, free subfractions of each hormone appear in saliva and have the highest biological activity (12,15,21,28). Thus, as salivary testosterone and cortisol values are monitored in athletes over time, they may give an insight into the merits that various workouts have on a person's performance and health (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Hormonal Values from High-Speed Resistive Exercise Workouts

Caruso

Lutz²,

Davidson³

et al. 2012

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Our study purpose examined salivary hormonal responses to high-speed resistive exercise. Healthy subjects (n = 45) performed 2 elbow flexor workouts on a novel (inertial kinetic exercise; Oconomowoc, WI, USA) strength training device. Our methods included saliva sample collection at both preexercise and immediately postexercise; workouts entailed two 60-second sets separated by a 90-second rest period. The samples were analyzed in duplicate for their testosterone and cortisol concentrations ([T], [C]). Average and maximum elbow flexor torque were measured from each exercise bout; they were later analyzed with a 2(gender) × 2(workout) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures for workout. The [T] and [C] each underwent a 2(gender) × 2(time) ANOVA with repeated measures for time. A within-subject design was used to limit error variance. Average and maximum torque each had gender (men > women; p < 0.05) effects. The [T] elicited a 2-way interaction (p < 0.05), as men incurred a significant 14% increase over time, but women's values were unchanged. Yet multivariate regression revealed that 3 predictor variables (body mass and average and maximum torques) did not account for a significant amount of variance associated with the rise in male [T]. Changes in [C] were not significant. In conclusion, changes in [T] concur with the results from other studies that showed significant elevations in male [T], despite the brevity of current workouts and the rather modest volume of muscle mass engaged. Practical applications imply that salivary assays may be a viable alternative to blood draws from athletes, yet coaches and others who may administer this treatment should know that our results may have produced greater pre-post hormonal changes if postexercise sample collection had occurred at a later time point.

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The effect of anaerobic exercise on salivary cortisol, testosterone and immunoglobulin (A) in boys aged 15–16 years

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Non-invasive measurement of adrenal response after standardized exercise tests in prepubertal children

Non-invasive measurement of adrenal response after standardized exercise tests in prepubertal children

Effect of creatine malate supplementation on physical performance, body composition and selected hormone levels in spinters and long-distance runners

Salivary Hormonal Values from High-Speed Resistive Exercise Workouts

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