Responses of Antibody Titers to Intramammary Immunization with Escherichia coli J5 Bacterin

Abstract

The effect of an immunization schedule on responses of antibody titers was tested following vaccination with an Escherichia coli J5 bacterin. Eighteen cows were equally distributed among three immunization schedules: 1) subcutaneous injection at 14 d prior to the end of lactation, intramammary immunization at 7 d after drying off, and subcutaneous injection at 30 d into the dry period; 2) subcutaneous injections at drying off, at 30 d into the dry period, and within 12 h after calving; and 3) unimmunized controls. The E. coli J5 bacterin consisted of 5 ml of 10(9) boiled cells/ml of 0.9% NaCl plus 0.005% phenol emulsified with 5 ml of Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Subcutaneous injections were administered on the upper part of the rib cage, posterior to the scapula. Intramammary immunizations of 2.5 ml of bacterin were infused via the teat canal into each of the four mammary glands. Intramammary immunization increased rectal temperatures at 12 h after infusion, but subcutaneous injections did not induce febrile responses. Intramammary immunization enhanced immunoglobulin G titers in serum and whey on d 0 of lactation compared with subcutaneous immunizations. Immunoglobulin G titers in serum also were greater at d 30 of the dry period and at d 14 and 21 of lactation for cows that received intramammary immunization than for cows that were vaccinated by subcutaneous injections only. Immunoglobulin M titers in whey and serum on d 21 of lactation were greater for cows that received intramammary immunizations than for cows that were immunized by subcutaneous injections only.

Shielding Effect of Escherichia coli O-Antigen Polysaccharide on J5-Induced Cross-Reactive Antibodies

“…Currently, the J5 vaccines aim at inducing opsonic antibodies, and attempts to optimize the immune response are measured through increases in antibody titers (7,30,31). This is in keeping with the importance of phagocytosis by neutrophils as an essential defense of the mammary gland against E. coli (23).…”

Potential mechanism of action of J5 vaccine in protection against severe bovine coliform mastitis

“…The route of immunization also appears to play a role in the antibody response. A vaccination schedule that included intramammary immunization between 2 subcutaneous immunizations resulted in higher serum antibody titers than the conventional vaccination schedule with 3 subcutaneous immunizations [20]. The enhancement of IgG and IgM titer responses in milk and serum by intramammary immunization has been explained by the possibility that cells stimulated locally in the mammary gland may travel to local lymphatic tissues, thereby increasing systemic antibody response [49].…”

Intramammary immunization with ultraviolet-killed Escherichia coli shows partial protection against late gestation intramammary challenge with a homologous strain

“…Mucosal vaccines have shown to be effective both in the case of viral (i.e., oral polio vaccine, intranasal infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine, oral rabies vaccine) and bacterial (i.e., oral cholera vaccine, oral E. coli vaccine, Staphylococcus aureus intramammary vaccine) pathogens (Levine et al, 2000;Pavot et al, 2012;Vilte et al, 2012;Gogoi-Tiwari et al, 2015). Hogan et al (1997) and Smith et al (1999) studied the effect of a systemic vaccination in combination with an intramammary E. coli J5 bacterin immunization schedule on responses of antibody titers. The results showed that intramammary immunization enhanced IgG titers in serum in the dry period and in lactation and in whey in early lactation compared with subcutaneous immunizations (Hogan et al, 1997;Smith et al, 1999).…”

“…Hogan et al (1997) and Smith et al (1999) studied the effect of a systemic vaccination in combination with an intramammary E. coli J5 bacterin immunization schedule on responses of antibody titers. The results showed that intramammary immunization enhanced IgG titers in serum in the dry period and in lactation and in whey in early lactation compared with subcutaneous immunizations (Hogan et al, 1997;Smith et al, 1999). However, the immunization schedule had minimal effect on systemic and local signs of clinical mastitis following challenge.…”