Response to Nitrogen Deficiency and Compensation on Physiological Characteristics, Yield Formation, and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice

Abstract

Based on the theory of ecological crop nutrient deficiency and compensation effect, the nitrogen (N) deficiency at tillering stage and N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was selected to study. Four N treatments were treated, and the effects of N deficiency and compensation were investigated on grain yield, N uptake and utilization and the physiological characteristics of rice. The results showed that the yield per plant presented an equivalent compensatory effect. Double N compensation led to superiority in the number of effective panicle per plant, increased the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. The content of endogenous growth-inhibitory hormone abscisic acid (ABA) decreased in the leaves, photosynthesis was enhanced, and the number of tillers per plant increased after double N compensation. During maturation stage, the panicle dry weigh in T1 (double N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage, after N deficiency at tillering stage) was higher than that in CK1 (constant supply of N throughout different stages of growth) and the biomass per plant in T1 increased by 1.47% compared with CK1. N contents in all organs, N accumulation, and total N content were all higher in T1 during maturation stage. Moreover, N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity were optimized for T1 and CK2 (constant N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage, after N deficiency at tillering stage) compared with CK1. This study contributes to the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the compensation of N deficiency in rice.

Comprehensive metabolomic, proteomic and physiological analyses of grain yield reduction in rice under abrupt drought–flood alternation stress

“…On the other hand, a large number of super hybrid rice varieties have been popularized in the Yangtze river basin within the double‐cropping region of southern China, which has promoted the increase of production and income and the replacement of varieties. The productive potential level of these super rice varieties of has been greatly improved recently, while at the same time increasing the demand for water and fertilization (Zeng et al , Xiong et al ). Previous studies using omics techniques for drought or flood were mostly concentrated on rice seedlings (He et al , Estioko et al , Jayaweera et al ).…”

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and physiological analysis of the response to N deficiency and the compensation effect in rice

“…Based on previous research on N deficiency and its effective compensation threshold in double-cropping super hybrid rice, N deficiency sensitive stage is the tillering stage and N compensation effective stage is the young panicle differentiation stage [25]. CK treatment was 0.6 g N fertilizer applied at each stage (seedling, tillering, young panicle differentiation, heading, and milk maturation stages).…”

“…The crop growth compensation effect is a naturally biological phenomenon. Researchers have noted the physiological and ecological mechanisms of crop water and nutrient deficiency compensation effects [24, 25]. Crop growth compensation effect is a type of adaptive mechanism formed in the long-term environmental change process and implies the ability to promote crop growth and yield formation at morphological and physiological levels [26, 27].…”

Effect of Seedling Nitrogen Condition on Subsequent Vegetative Growth Stages and Its Relationship to the Expression of Nitrogen Transporter Genes in Rice

“…In rice cultivation, the benefits of an appropriate split N topdressing are well documented and include mitigated N loss, improved N use efficiency [2]; improved photosynthesis efficiency, enhanced matter production capacity [3]; and increased number of spikelets per unit area and, ultimately, increased yield [3][4][5]. Insufficient N application at any growth stage leads to negative effects on growth and development, thus, affecting yield [6][7][8]. In the early growth stage, an inappropriate supply of N causes a failure to achieve vigorous seedling establishment [6].…”

“…In the early growth stage, an inappropriate supply of N causes a failure to achieve vigorous seedling establishment [6]. Moreover, inadequate N supply at either the tillering and/or heading stage results in slow growth, less productive tillers, poor grain filling and reduced yield [8][9][10]. In fact, N deficiency is being repeatedly experienced by all plants [11].…”