Response to Concentrates Containing Two Percents of Protein Fed at Four Rates for Complete Lactations

Lamb, R.C.; Stoddard, G. E.; Mickelsen, C.H.; Anderson, M.J.; Waldo, D.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(74)84969-6

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Numerous factors influence the substitution rate, including the quantity of concentrate provided, type of roughage, and type of concentrate (Faverdin et al, 1991;Jensen et al, 2015). Generally, providing more concentrate causes a greater reduction in roughage (Lamb et al, 1973;Vérité and Journet, 1973;Oster- Variables were calculated using the procedure outlined by Zobel and Chapinal (2013) and coding of Ledgerwood et al (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the amount of concentrate offered in an automated milking system on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, ruminal digestion, and behavior of primiparous Holstein cows fed isocaloric diets

Paddick

DeVries

Schwartzkopf-Genswein

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to determine if the quantity of concentrate provided in an automated milking system (AMS) affects dry matter intake (DMI), attendance to the AMS, milk and milk component yield, feeding behavior, cow activity, and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows fed isocaloric diets. Eight ruminally cannulated primiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Cows were housed in a freestall facility with a guided-traffic (feed-first) flow barn design. Treatments included 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, or 5.0 kg/d of dry matter of pellet in the AMS with an equivalent reduction of the same pellet in the partial mixed ration (PMR). Days 21 to 24 of each treatment period were used for DMI, milking performance (visits, yield, and composition), behavior, and ruminal pH determination, and d 25 to 28 were used for ruminal short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations as well as total-tract digestibility. As imposed, consumption of AMS pellet linearly increased, equating to 0.50, 2.00, 3.49, and 4.93 kg of dry matter/d for the 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 kg/d treatments, respectively. Correspondingly, the standard deviation in AMS pellet intake among days linearly increased from 0.06 to 0.85 kg of dry matter/d as the quantity of concentrate in the AMS increased from 0.5 to 5.0 kg. The PMR DMI decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate allocation, but total DMI (PMR + AMS) was not affected (25.3 kg/d). As the AMS concentrate allocation increased, the selection against particles retained on an 18-mm sieve linearly increased and selection against particles retained on the pan decreased. Milking frequency (3.22 milkings/d), milk yield (37.5 kg/d), milk fat yield (1.43 kg/d), and milk protein yield (1.22 kg/d) were not affected; however, milk urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate. Ruminal pH averaged 6.18 and was not affected by AMS concentrate. Total ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentration was greatest when 3.5 kg of concentrate was allocated in the AMS and ruminal ammonia decreased linearly with increasing AMS concentrate. Time spent lying, the number of lying bouts, and average bout duration were not affected by treatment. These data indicate that increasing the quantity of concentrate in the AMS increases daily variability in AMS concentrate intake while decreasing PMR intake without affecting voluntary visits to the AMS and milk or milk component yield. As such, under isocaloric dietary settings, increasing the supply of pellet in the AMS is not likely to affect voluntary visits to the AMS, milk and milk component yields, or ruminal fermentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the amount of concentrate offered in an automated milking system on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, ruminal digestion, and behavior of primiparous Holstein cows fed isocaloric diets

Paddick

DeVries

Schwartzkopf-Genswein

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…L'effet de la proportion d'aliments concentrés dans la ration dans les phénomènes de substitution a bien été démontré chez les moutons et les bovins en croissance ou à l'engrais (INRA 1979, Berge et Dulphy 1985, Jarrige et al 1986. Chez les vaches laitières, de nombreux auteurs ont observé un accroissement du TS lorsque l'apport d'aliments concentrés augmentait (Lamb et al 1973, Vérité et Journet 1973, Ostergaard 1979, Vinet et al 1980, Laird et al 1981. Cependant dans d'autres études le TS n'a pas varié avec la quantité d'aliments concentrés (Kristensen 1983, Gordon 1984), ou a varié de façon contradictoire (Steen et Gordon 1980a Enfin l'effet de la nature de l'aliment concentré a jusqu'ici été peu étudié.…”

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Les phénomènes de substitution fourrages-concentrés chez la vache laitière

Faverdin¹,

Dulphy

Coulon

et al. 1992

INRA Prod. Anim.

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Les principaux facteurs de variations des taux de substitution (TS) entre fourrage et aliments concentrés que constituent le niveau d’apport du concentré, la nature du fourrage et la nature de l’aliment concentré ont été étudiés au cours de 8 essais réalisés en 3 lieux différents. Dans chaque essai, 3 niveaux de d’apport de concentrés (bas, moyen et haut) ont été comparés selon un schéma carré latin 3x3, répété 3 ou 4 fois, avec des vaches pie-noires en milieu de lactation et au cours de périodes de 1 mois. Les 8 essais correspondaient à 8 régimes différant par la nature du fourrage (ensilage de maïs, ensilage d’herbe ou foin) et la nature du concentré (riche en amidon, riche en parois très digestibles, ou riche en parois moyennement digestibles). Quels que soient les fourrages et les concentrés, le taux de substitution augmente systématiquement avec le niveau d’apport de concentré : il passe, en moyenne, de 0,47 entre les niveaux bas et moyen à 0,67 entre les niveaux moyens et haut. Pour un fourrage donné, le taux de substitution est plus élevé lorsque la concentration énergétique du concentré est plus forte, mais cet écart n’existe qu’entre les niveaux bas et moyen d’apport. Les taux de substitution moyens observés sur ensilage de maïs (0,70) sont supérieurs à ceux observés sur ensilage d’herbe (0,53) ainsi que sur foin (0,44). Ces essais montrent, à travers les 3 facteurs de variations étudiés, que les taux de substitution observés en milieu de lactation sont d’autant plus importants que le bilan énergétique des animaux est plus élevé.

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“…In meeting the protein requirements of a specific production group, the level ofprotein in the ration as well as the level of intake under ad libitum feeding conditions must be established (Smith et al 1978). Underfeeding of protein will reduce milk yields while overfeeding reduces production efficiency and increases costs (Keys et al 1983;Lamb et al 1974). …”

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confidence: 99%

Protein Levels in Grass Silage-Based Total Mixed Rations for Dairy Cows in Midlactation

Burgess¹,

Nicholson²

1984

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Response to Concentrates Containing Two Percents of Protein Fed at Four Rates for Complete Lactations

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of the amount of concentrate offered in an automated milking system on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, ruminal digestion, and behavior of primiparous Holstein cows fed isocaloric diets

Effect of the amount of concentrate offered in an automated milking system on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, ruminal digestion, and behavior of primiparous Holstein cows fed isocaloric diets

Les phénomènes de substitution fourrages-concentrés chez la vache laitière

Protein Levels in Grass Silage-Based Total Mixed Rations for Dairy Cows in Midlactation

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