Hexagonal Te nanotubes have been synthesized via hydrothermal method. To demonstrate the formation mechanism, the effect of experimental parameters, such as concentration, surfactant, reducing agent, and reaction time, has been investigated. It is found the Te-tubular nanostructure in our experiments is the result of synergistic effect of surfactant, reducing agent, and reaction agent. Further investigation on the photoluminescence (PL) of the Te nanotubes indicates a broad PL peak at about 532 nm (2.33 eV), which is about 6.6 times over its bandgap (0.32 eV). By analyzing the temperature-related Raman spectra, the PL peak has been tentatively ascribed to the surface oxygen-related defect of the Te nanotubes.