Response to 30 generations of selection for open-field activity in laboratory mice

DeFries, John C.; Gervais, Mary Cook; Thomas, Evan

doi:10.1007/bf01067700

Cited by 255 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…The DeFries strains are derived from a cross of two inbred strains (BALB/cJ and C57/BL6) that were selected for differences in open-field activity, a test that is believed to model susceptibility to anxiety in rodents. Thirty generations of artificial selection in the open-field arena resulted in large activity differences among the lines, which persisted after 18 generations of random mating and 35+ generations of inbreeding, that produced the six DeFries strains: two high (H1 and H2), two low (L1 and L2), and two control lines (C1 and C2), that were not subject to selection (DeFries and Hegman, 1970;DeFries et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL Analysis of Multiple Behavioral Measures of Anxiety in Mice

et al. 2004

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In a test battery consisting of an open-field arena, a light-dark box, a mirror-chamber box, an elevated plus maze, and an elevated square maze, 1,671 mice were tested, generating over 100 putative measures of anxiety in rodents. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out on all measures, plus composite measures and phenotypic factor scores. Significant LOD scores were found for QTL on 17 chromosomes, with large and consistent QTL behavioral effects on chromosomes 1, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, l8, and X. QTL on chromosomes 4 and 8 largely influence locomotor activity in both home cages and novel environments, whereas QTL on chromosomes 1, 15, and 18 influence anxiety-related behaviors. Five genetically separable, cross-test dimensions of anxiety could be identified: (i) the suppression of locomotor activity in low to moderately anxiogenic regions of the tests; (ii) a shift toward proportionally less time and activity spent in high-anxiogenic test areas; (iii) the suppression of rearing behavior; (iv) increased latency to enter novel areas; (v) increased autonomic responses, as assessed by defecation and urination. Patterns of QTL influence on cross-test composite scores were distinctive. For example, the QTL on chromosome 1 strongly influenced safe-area locomotor activity (LOD = 35) and autonomic responses (LOD = 16), whereas the QTL on chromosome 15 influenced the proportion of activity in high-anxiogenic areas (LOD = 16), latency to enter novel areas (LOD = 36) and rearing behavior (LOD = 57). Phenotypic factor analysis identified factors heavily loaded on single tests, rather than cross-test factors. The use of factor analysis or within-test principal components for data reduction before genetic analysis was less satisfactory than using genetic dissection methods on the original measures and logically derived composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL Analysis of Multiple Behavioral Measures of Anxiety in Mice

et al. 2004

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“…Gosling and John (1999) have shown how the Big Five dimensions of personality can be applied in animal studies, and Gosling (2001) has described animal models of personality in a major review. Behavioral genetic studies of animal behavior related to personality have been underway for years (DeFries et al, 1966(DeFries et al, , 1978). Animal models of anxiety (a key feature of Neuroticism) are particularly popular, but because of the limited repertoire of measures generally used in animal studies, there is always a question regarding how well the animal model represents the human condition.…”

Section: Estimates Of Genetic and Environmental Influence On Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

2002

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Psychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; briefly outline the basic quantitative methods used in human behavioral genetic research; review the major criticisms of behavior genetic designs, with particular emphasis on the twin and adoption methods; describe the major or dominant theoretical scheme in each domain; and review behavioral genetic findings in all five domains. We conclude that there is now strong evidence that virtually all individual psychological differences, when reliably measured, are moderately to substantially heritable.

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“…That it is indeed has been shown by crossing and selection experiments in several cases, for example in seasonality (i.e., the photoperiodic response) of Panorpa vulgaris (Sauer, 1977;, open field activity in mice (DeFries et al, 1978), and activity (amount and speed), phototaxis, geotaxis, mating speed and courtship song in Drosophila (O'Dell & Burnet, 1988;Costa et al, 1989;Plomin et al, 1990;Ritchie & Kyriacou, 1996). Falconer (1984, p. 440) stresses that the variability of nearly all traits that have been studied in any organism has proved to have a genetic basis.…”

Section: Heritability and Maintenance Of Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Age pyramid of a local population and viability fitness of phenotypical fractions inCarabus auronitens(Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Baumgartner

Bechtel

Boom

et al. 1997

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The population dynamics of a local population of Carabus (Chrysocarabus) auronitens Fabricius, 1792 has been studied in the Westphalian Lowlands on an area of 0.2 ha since 1982. During the activity seasons of this species pitfall traps were opened overnight twice a week. Beetles were individually marked and released again after every capture. In summer 1992 the area was closed by a beetle-proof fence -C. auronitens is a spring breeder. During the autumn season, freshly hatched beetles are obligatorily active in foraging, whereas surviving old beetles are dormant from the end of the spring season until the next spring season. The probability of surviving from autumn until spring was mostly around 75%; survival probability from the 1st until the 2nd spring season was about 65%; from the 2nd until the 3rd spring about 60%; from the 3rd until the 4th spring about 55%; from the 4th until the 5th spring season about 40%. The phenotypical plasticity of the generations A '92, A '93 and A '94 is described in terms of the following traits: seasonality (date of hatching, start and end of the spring season), body size, postecdysial maturation, weight development during spring and capture rate in the spring seasons. These traits were examined with respect to their influence on individual fitness of viability. The probability of surviving from the autumn until the first spring season was affected in the following way: (1) Time of hatching per se did not influence the survival probability. (2) Early hatching beetles that are small showed an enlarged mortality risk. Concerning the probability of surviving a spring season, it was observed: (3) The individual survival probability was higher, the later a beetle was caught for the first time in a spring season. The relative weight of early appearing females was relatively low at first capture; however, surviving and non-surviving females of this fraction did not differ with respect to their mean relative weight. (4) Females and males frequently caught in a spring season had a reduced chance of surviving; most of these animals belonged to the fraction of late disappearing specimens. On the other hand, late females and males that had been less frequently caught had a high viability fitness. (5) There were distinct, but non-uniform influences of body size upon survival probability: in males, the probability of surviving the 1st spring season was highest in a lower middle class of size; the probability of surviving the 2nd spring season was relatively low in small females and males. The main points of discussion are (1) possible objec- (Received 2 April 1997 -Accepted 14 August 1997)* Senior author, to whom correspondence should be sent.tions to the measurement of viability fitness by capture-recapture data; (2) the heritability of variable phenotypical traits; (3) the question whether the selection-responding polymorphisms detected can contribute to the genetic adaptation of this local population to environmental changes.

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Response to 30 generations of selection for open-field activity in laboratory mice

Cited by 255 publications

References 6 publications

QTL Analysis of Multiple Behavioral Measures of Anxiety in Mice

QTL Analysis of Multiple Behavioral Measures of Anxiety in Mice

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

Age pyramid of a local population and viability fitness of phenotypical fractions inCarabus auronitens(Coleoptera, Carabidae)

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