Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

Bouchard, Thomas J.; McGue, Matt

doi:10.1002/neu.10160

Cited by 717 publications

(565 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…The results further indicated that the influence of common environmental influences was rather small (14% and 15% for women and men, respectively). This is in line with past research showing that shared environments often do not have a strong influence on phenotypic differences in personality traits (Bouchard, 1998;Bouchard & McGue, 2003). For both men and women, the bulk of the variance was due to unshared environmental factors (E) unique to each individual twin.…”

Section: Heritability Estimatessupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study

et al. 2014

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A B S T R A C TThe heritability of variety seeking in the food domain was estimated from a large sample (N = 5,543) of middle age to elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the "Virginia 30,000" twin study. Different dietary variety scores were calculated based on a semi-quantitative food choice questionnaire that assessed consumption frequencies and quantities for a list of 99 common foods. Results indicate that up to 30% of the observed variance in dietary variety was explained through heritable influences. Most of the differences between twins were due to environmental influences that are not shared between twins. Additional non-genetic analyses further revealed a weak relationship between dietary variety and particular demographic variables, including socioeconomic status, age, sex, religious faith, and the number of people living in the same household.

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Section: Heritability Estimatessupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study

et al. 2014

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“…It is possible that this abnormal hormonal response is inherited as part of the trait of neuroticism and/or extraversion. There is evidence that temperament and personality, including neuroticism and extraversion, have a substantial heritable component (Bouchard and McGue, 2003;Jang et al, 1996) and may account for as much as 30-60% of the observed variance of such traits (Loehlin, 1993). Similarly, cortisol responses to stress show significant heritability (Federenko et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality

Oswald

Zandi

Nestadt

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

235

145

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Although there is growing evidence of links between the cortisol stress response and personality, the nature of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms require further clarification. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between personality traits and cortisol responses to stress using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory five-factor model of personality. In total, 68 healthy adults, aged 18-30 years, completed the personality assessment and underwent a laboratory psychological stress test that consisted of a 5 min speech and 5-min of mental arithmetic. Findings showed that in the sample as a whole, less Openness was associated with lower cortisol responses to the challenge. Cortisol responses also corresponded to certain personality dimensions in a gender-specific manner. Blunted cortisol responses were associated with higher Neuroticism in women and with lower Extraversion in men. These findings suggest that personality traits that have been traditionally associated with greater psychopathology were also associated with blunted HPA axis responses to stress.

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“…1 Enhanced knowledge of personality variables (whether formal diagnostic categories or dimensional traits) can hypothetically contribute to our understanding of the clinical presentation, course, and mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and foster the design of optimal treatment interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotillomania and personality traits from the five-factor model

Keuthen

Tung

Altenburger

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To examine whether personality traits have predictive validity for trichotillomania (TTM) diagnosis, pulling severity and control, and hair pulling style. Methods: In study 1, logistic regression was used with TTM cases (n=54) and controls (n=25) to determine if NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) personality domains predicted TTM case vs. control classification. In study 2, hierarchical multiple regression was used with TTM cases (n=164) to determine whether NEO-FFI personality domains predicted hair pulling severity and control as well as focused and automatic pulling styles. Results: TTM case vs. control status was predicted by NEO-FFI neuroticism. Every 1-point increase in neuroticism scores resulted in a 10% greater chance of TTM diagnosis. Higher neuroticism, higher openness, and lower agreeableness were associated with greater pulling severity. Higher neuroticism was also associated with less control over hair pulling. Higher neuroticism and lower openness were associated with greater focused pulling. None of the personality domains predicted automatic hair pulling. Conclusions: Personality traits, especially neuroticism, can predict TTM diagnosis, hair pulling severity and control, and the focused style of pulling. None of the personality traits predicted automatic pulling. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether personality variables predispose to TTM onset, impact disorder course, and/or result from hair pulling behavior.

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Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

Cited by 717 publications

References 240 publications

Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study

Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study

Relationship between Cortisol Responses to Stress and Personality

Trichotillomania and personality traits from the five-factor model

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