Response Surface Methodology optimization of chito-protein synthesized from crab shell in treatment of abattoir wastewater

Abstract

Abattoir wastewater generated from various meat processing operations in several developing countries pose a serious threat to the environment. Consequently, there is urgent need to reduce the impact of environmental pollution from it. Coagulation techniques have been recommended and used by many researchers successfully in treating wastewater, therefore an investigation of possible use of chito-protein extracted from crab shell (locally sourced) was used as a coagulant for treating abattoir wastewater. Coagulation experiments were carried out using jar-test procedure to investigate the influence of pH, time of settling, temperature and adsorbent dosage for coagulation of BOD, COD, Turbidity and Colour from the wastewater sample. To determine the interaction effect of the various process variables, Response Surface Method (RSM) was used in the optimization of the process variables. To determine the effectiveness of the coagulant, pre and post characterization of the wastewater samples were undertaken, the result of the post characterization of the wastewater sample indicated that most of the water quality parameters except Iron were within WHO standard. The Total Suspended Solid (TSS), for instance stood at 564.6 mg/L and 29 mg/L respectively for pre and post characterisation, the value of 29 mg/L of the post characterization was below the WHO recommended value of 30 mg/L. The predicted responses and the experimental values correlated significantly, an indicator that RSM optimization method used in this study is suitable in modelling the process variables. The result of the study further shows that optimum process variable is dependent on the solution pH (acidic), coagulant dosage of 2–3g, settling time of 25–30 min and operating temperature from 323K to 333K. The coagulant used in this study, when compared with previous studies have shown to have strong potential for use as a coagulant and as an alternative to chemical coagulants in the treatment of abattoir wastewater.

A comparative optimization and modeling of ammonia–nitrogen adsorption from abattoir wastewater using a novel iron-functionalized crab shell

“…Aside from the pollutant of interest (A-N), other wastewater characterization indicators such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were considerably higher than the specified discharge limit. This may be due to the presence of substantial amounts of organic matter in AWW (Okey-Onyesolu et al 2020). The recorded pH values ranged between pH 7.0 and pH 7.4, the values which are well within the tolerable NESREA, WHO and FEPA discharge limits (Okey-Onyesolu et al 2020;Onu et al 2020).…”

Wastewater treatment using a natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera seeds): optimization through response surface methodology

“…For the removal of turbidity, the dosage for maximum reduction is the same. As Okey-Onyesolu et al. (2020) indicated, the set-up time of 49.25 min, which is a little longer, was the best time to remove the color.…”

Electrocatalytic Degradation of Levofloxacin, a Typical Antibiotic in Hospital Wastewater

“…A single factor could affect the total organic carbon (TOC) removal, but note that interaction between factors could also affect the TOC removal. Response surface methodology (RSM) could explore the interaction among different influencing factors and fit the best conditions through multiple quadratic regression equations [39][40][41]. Thus, RSM was used to conduct electrooxidation and degradation of LVX model wastewater.…”