Wastewater treatment using a natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera seeds): optimization through response surface methodology

Abstract

The high expense of chemical coagulant-treated water forces most people in rural regions to rely on easily available sources, which are usually of poor quality, and expose them to waterborne infections. According to this statement, the purpose of this study was to confirm the efficiency of extracting powder Moringa oleifera seeds, which are widely available in rural regions. The experiment was done based on a random design load of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 g/500 ml of powder extracted from Moringa seeds. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity were determined for both acidic and basic characteristics of wastewater. The optimum dosage of Moringa oleifera was 0.4 g/500 ml in both characteristics of wastewater in the case of color and turbidity. Moringa oleifera maximum reduction in turbidity, color, and COD in acidic wastewater was 98 %, 90.76 %, and 65.8 % respectively; while, the maximum reduction of turbidity, color, and COD in basic wastewater were 99.5 %, 97.7 %, and 65.82 % respectively. The study was demonstrated that, the application of RSM for seeking optimum conditions in the coagulation process for the treatment of wastewater. Moringa seed powder works best with a 7-9 pH range. The study also investigated that, best adsorption equilibrium was observed when using 0.1 g of Moringa oleifera seed powder. All the results showed that Moringa oleifera seeds were very effective for the removal of impurities.

Water Treatment Using Natural Coagulant and Electrocoagulation Process: A Comparison Study

“…So, by increasing the pH of water from 5 to 11, the removal percentage of COD, BOD, TDS, phosphate, TSS, and color increases using Moringa Oleifera . However, according to [ 36 ], increasing the pH to 9 increased the removal efficiency of pollutants, and further increasing the pH resulted in the reduction of pollutants. Similarly, while using the EC process and Moringa Oleifera , the removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TDS, phosphate, TSS, and color was increased as pH increased from 5 to 7, from 7 to 9, and then from 9 to 11.…”

“…Mortar, pan, sieve, paper, and oven-dry were the instruments used for the preparation of Moringa Oleifera seed powder. Once the husks were removed from the Moringa Oleifera seeds, they were placed in a mortar and crushed, and then they were placed in an oven to dry with the using pan at 105°C for 7 hours [ 36 ]. Then, using a jar test, different water characteristics (% color, % turbidity, % TDS, % COD, and % phosphate) were evaluated after adjusting the dosage of Moringa Oleifera seed powder, pH, settling time, and contact time as shown in Figure 2 .…”

“…Different empirical formulas were used for the analysis of surface water characteristics based on the initial and final concentrations of pollutants. The removal efficiencies of color [ 22 ], phosphate [ 42 ], TDS [ 43 ], COD [ 36 , 44 ], and BOD [ 44 ] were calculated using equations (( 1 )–( 5 )). where, Abs i and Abs f are initial and final absorbance.…”

“…Moringa oleifera is a type of natural coagulant used for the treatment of water and wastewater. An investigation was conducted into the water and wastewater treatment for the elimination of color, COD, BOD, dissolved oxygen, TSS, TDS, and turbidity [ 36 , 39 , 40 ]. In this study, the application of electrocoagulation and Moringa Oleifera on surface water treatment for the removal of color, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), and phosphate was discussed separately.…”

“…Metal-based coagulants are the most often used chemical to support the flocculation-coagulation processes in the treatment of water and wastewater and they function admirably in the treatment of numerous water and wastewater kinds with distinct properties [33]. However, to attain green technology and sustainable processes, some researchers suggest using plant-based coagulants as an alternative to the widely used metal-based coagulant [34][35][36][37][38].…”