Response surface methodology based optimization of in situ transesterification of dry algae with methanol, H2SO4 and NaOH

Chamola, Rahul; Khan, Mohd. Fazil; Raj, Anna; Verma, Manthan; Jain, Siddharth

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.038

Cited by 73 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among those, the possibility to carry out both esterification and transesterification reactions simultaneously is significant. H 2 SO 4 was widely used as a homogeneous acid catalyst of esterification and transesterification processes in several pieces of research [58][59][60][61]. Recently, research was reported for direct biodiesel production from wet Chlorella vulgaris microalgae assisted by radiofrequency heating for algal cell wall destruction and reaction acceleration.…”

Section: Homogeneous Transesterification Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Efficient Catalysts for Algae Transesterification to Biodiesel

2021

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The depletion of fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental pollution led to a trend for using alternative, clean, green, and sustainable fuel and energy resources. To attain this aim, using biomass as an alternative resource for diesel production has been a hotspot among researchers. Biodiesel has several advantages, such as being lower toxic and more renewable, and eco-friendlier than diesel from fossil fuel resources. Several edible and non-edible bio-sources were used for the production of biodiesel from the transesterification process. Algal oil as a non-edible source is considered an abundant, low cost and green substrate for biodiesel production. Various factors such as reaction conditions and the type of catalyst affect the biodiesel production process. Different catalytic systems such as basic and acidic homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts were introduced for the process in the literature, and each proposed catalyst has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, in spite of the lower cost and better mass transfer of base and acid homogeneous catalysts, reaction system corrosion, non-reusability, and soap formation are serious challenges of these catalysts at an industrial scale. On the other hand, acid and base heterogenous catalysts overcame the issues of corrosion and recovery, but some matters such as mass transfer limitation, high cost, and weak performance in catalyzing both esterification of FFAs and transesterification of lipids must be taken into account. In addition, bio-catalysis as a high-cost process led to a purer product formation with less side reaction. Therefore, several significant factors should be considered for transesterification catalysts such as availability, cost, reusability, stability, mass transfer, and the possibility to manage both the transesterification of triglycerides and the esterification of FFAs, selecting a catalyst with predominant pros is viable. Here, a review of the biodiesel production from algal biomass focusing on the efficient catalyst of the process is presented.

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Section: Homogeneous Transesterification Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Efficient Catalysts for Algae Transesterification to Biodiesel

2021

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“…Research related to the manufacture of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out with various methods including conventional methods with homogeneous catalysts, supercritical methanol, In situ transesterification and Ultrasound assisted [2][3][4]. However, the problems that arise are almost the same, including difficulty in the separation process, corrosion problems and the impact of environmental pollution.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

Pulungan¹,

Kembaren²,

Nurfajriani³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The conversion of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out using heterogeneous catalyst based on natural zeolite. The methods used include activated and calcined to produce active natural zeolite (ZAA). ZAA are embodied metal oxides of PbO, ZnO, and ZrO 2 through wet impregnation to produce bifunctional catalyst. The catalysts activity test was carried out in biodiesel synthesis at temperature 60ºC for 60 minutes with 5%(w/w) catalysts. Crystallinity of catalysts increased after the activation process and ZrO 2 loaded but decreased after PbO and ZnO loaded. The catalyst components after modification decreased Al levels due to dealumination process as well as reduced impurities. Spesific surface area of catalysts decreased after impregnation while total pore volume increased. Metal oxides loaded has an effect in increasing biodiesel conversion and reducing FFA content. The best performance was shown by ZrO 2 /ZAA catalysts with yield conversion of 58.10% and FFA conversion to methyl ester reaches 86.22%. The characteristics of water content, FFA content, and density of 0.092%, 1.081%, and 0.880 g/cm 3 , respectively. These data showed that biodiesel from rubber seed oil which was catalyzed by a bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of future renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.

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“…Microalgae have drawn the attention of many researchers in recent times as a reliable and renewable source of energy (Ma et al, 2022). They have also been introduced as the third-generation biofuel and have been known to yield 30 times more energy per area unit compared to rst-and second-generation biofuels (Chamola et al, 2019). Furthermore, they have a higher growth rate, carbon xing ability and elevated lipid production compared to terrestrial plants (Show and Lee., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Of The Drying Technique’s Impact On The Biomass Quality Of Tetraselmis Subcordiformis (Chlorophyceae)

Jabri

Cherif

Siddiqui

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Rapid drying, cost-effective and safe, will increase the viability of using microalgae for several bio-industrial applications. In this study, five different drying techniques of microalgal biomass were investigated. These include freeze-drying, oven drying, air drying, sun drying, and microwave drying. Morphology, metabolite content, FAME profiling, chlorophyll content, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen were analyzed. Results showed that the freeze-drying technique preserves the highest amounts of chlorophyll, proteins, and lipids. Oven drying underperformed as it retained the lowest amount of chlorophyll, protein, and lipid content. More importantly, FAME profiling results showed that air drying was the best technique in maintaining the highest amount of Polyunsaturated fatty acids and more specifically docosahexaenoic acid. Furthermore, this process requires the least capital and energy needs. The findings from this study confirmed that the drying technique affects the microalga biomass quality.

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Response surface methodology based optimization of in situ transesterification of dry algae with methanol, H2SO4 and NaOH

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

A Review on the Efficient Catalysts for Algae Transesterification to Biodiesel

A Review on the Efficient Catalysts for Algae Transesterification to Biodiesel

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

Evidence Of The Drying Technique’s Impact On The Biomass Quality Of Tetraselmis Subcordiformis (Chlorophyceae)

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