Response of White-Tailed Deer to Winter Weather

Ozoga, John J.; Gysel, Leslie W.

doi:10.2307/3799445

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Wind speed and temperature ranges tend to be lower, while mean temperature, relative humidity, and infrared radiation flux tend to be greater in conifer stands relative to other forest types. These characteristics result in lower convective heat loss, thereby reducing thermoregulation costs for deer (Moen 1968, Ozoga 1968, Ozoga and Gysel 1972. It has been suggested that yarding is also a predation-avoidance strategy (Nelson andMech 1981, Messier andBarrette 1985), although evidence supporting this hypothesis is equivocal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Reduced snow accumulation, the presence of trails, and improved predator detection at high deer densities may reduce predation rates. Consequently, deer distribution in regions with severe winters is more dependent on available shelter than on forage (Hamerstrom andBlake 1939, Pauley et al 1993), because browse availability in coniferous stands is usually low (Webb 1948, Ozoga and Gysel 1972, Monthey 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of mixedwood stands by wintering white-tailed deer in southern New Brunswick

Sabine¹,

Forbes²,

Ballard³

et al. 2001

The Forestry Chronicle

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On the northern edge of their range, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) congregate during winter to cope with severe climate conditions. We documented the winter habitat use of deer in southern New Bmnswick, where winters are of moderate severity, and tested predictions concerning the influence of food and cover availability on habitat use by deer under different snow depth regimes. Sixty-three radio-collared deer were monitored during the winters of 1995 to 1997. Within wintering areas, deer showed a preference for mixedwoods. Mixedwood stands provided only moderate amounts of food and cover relative to some other cover types, but were the only type to provide both simultaneously. Current habitat management guidelines in parts of northeastern North America consider critical habitat for wintering deer to be softwood-dominated stands. These guidelines may not provide adequate habitat in this region, since deer appear to use mixedwood stands under some conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of mixedwood stands by wintering white-tailed deer in southern New Brunswick

Sabine¹,

Forbes²,

Ballard³

et al. 2001

The Forestry Chronicle

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show abstract

“…Members of the Cervidae family, for example, exhibit growth dormancy in winter when the metabolic demands of thermoregulation are high and plant nutrients essential for body tissue development are in short supply (Irving et al, 1955;Wood et al, 1962;McEwan, 1970). Likewise, displacements are limited at this time in order to minimize heat loss and the depletion of body reserves (McEwan & Whitehead, 1970;Ozoga & Gysel, 1972;Gates, 1979;Ferguson & Elkie, 2004). Spring, in contrast, is a time of increased energetic expenditure when the demands of pregnancy reach their peak and female cervids prepare to give birth (Moen, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using movement behaviour to define biological seasons for woodland caribou

Rudolph

Drapeau

2012

Ran

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Terrestrial mammals are strongly influenced by seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Studies of animal space use behaviour are therefore inherently seasonal in nature. We propose an individual-based quantitative method for identifying seasonal shifts in caribou movement behaviour and we demonstrate its use in determining the onset of the winter, spring dispersal, and calving seasons. Using pooled data for the population we demonstrate an alternate approach using polynomial regression with mixed effects. We then compare individual onset dates with population-based estimates and those adopted by expert consensus for our study area. Distributions of individual-based onset dates were normally distributed with prominent modes; however, there was considerable variation in individual onset times. Population-based estimates were closer to the peaks of individual estimates than were expert-based estimates, which fell outside the onetailed 90% and 95% sample quantiles of individually-fitted distributions for spring and winter, respectively. Both expertand population-based estimates were later for winter and earlier for both spring and calving than were individual-based estimates. We discuss the potential consequences of neglecting to corroborate conventionally used dates with observed seasonal trends in movement behaviour. In closing, we recommend researchers adopt an individual-based quantitative approach and a variable temporal window for data set extraction.

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“…Maintenance requirements increase when radiation flows, surface tem - peratures, air temperatures, wind speeds, and snow depths increase flows of energy from hot environments to ruminants as well as from ruminants to cold environments (Chappel and Hudson 1978;Holter et al 1975;Malechek and Smith 1976;Moen 1968x,1976Porter and Gates 1969). In attempts to reduce maintenance costs, deer may remain quiet under thermal cover or may move to cover from open areas that offer only low-energy forage but greater thermal stress (Leckenby 1977, Loveless 1964, Ozoga and Gysel 1972. If their diet meets or exceeds maintenance requirements, however, deer and cattle may bed or stand in exposed forage areas during periods of thermal stress (Malechek and Smith 1976;Moen 1968aMoen , 1968c.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When basal and maintenance needs are met, energy surpluses are used for production, which includes growth, storage of reserves, reproduction, and care of young (Blaxter 1962;Brody 1945Brody ,1956Findlay 1954;Grace and Easterbee 1979;Holter et al 1975;Mitchell 1962;Moen 1968bMoen ,1968cMoen , 1973Nordan et al 1970;Ozoga and Gysel 1972;Silver et al 1969 and.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%