Response of ungrafted and grafted grapevine cultivans and rootstocks (<em>Vitis</em> sp.) to water stress

Abstract

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims&lt;/strong&gt;: The responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cardinal and Superior Seedless) and two rootstocks (110R and SO4) to drought, the effect of grafting and the interactions of scion/rootstock were investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and results&lt;/strong&gt;: The vines were subjected to a progressive water stress in greenhouse controlled conditions. At the end of the water stress treatments, physiological analyses were carried out (stem water potential, dry matter production, soluble sugars, proline as well as ions Na+ and K+). Drought was expressed by the drop of the stem water potential in the stressed vines as compared to their controls. Furthermore, tolerance and sensitivity were linked to the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline as well as the equilibrium of K+ and Na+ in the leaves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: When ungrafted, Cardinal was more tolerant to water stress than Superior Seedless. The grafted vines exhibited more vigour, moreover, the combination of Cardinal with SO4 and Superior Seedless with 110R revealed to be the advantageous associations under water stress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance and impact of study&lt;/strong&gt;: This work has been carried out to investigate the differential responses of grapevine cultivars to drought stress and the impact of grafting under water shortage conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

Variability among Young Table Grape Cultivars in Response to Water Deficit and Water Use Efficiency

“…In our study, leaf area and the number of leaves were not negatively affected by the water deficit, in contrast to the results of Gomez-del-Campo et al [20] where less leaf area was produced under water limiting conditions and the number of leaves was lower than under well-watered conditions. Plant growth, indicated by annual dry mass production, decreased, when the deficit was more severe which is in accordance with the study of Toumi et al [19]. Within the study of Tardieu et al [48], SLA was reported to decrease, if environmental conditions led to greater reduction of growth than on photosynthesis [48].…”

“…In most studies investigating the influence of water deficiency on plant growth and the adaptation of plants to the limited availability of soil water, it was observed that leaf area, dry matter, and number of leaves decreased in response to water limitation [19]. In our study, leaf area and the number of leaves were not negatively affected by the water deficit, in contrast to the results of Gomez-del-Campo et al [20] where less leaf area was produced under water limiting conditions and the number of leaves was lower than under well-watered conditions.…”

“…While protecting plants against water loss, the closure of stomata will also reduce the amount of assimilated carbon [18], which can decrease yield and reduce the quality of table grapes. Furthermore, additional observations on the plant-level are important to evaluate the impact of water deficit on table grape cultivars, as grapevines adapt to water limitation by decreasing leaf area, reducing the number of leaves, and limiting growth rate [19,20]. Water use efficiency (WUE) can be calculated on a single-organ or on whole canopy scale.…”

Grapevine abiotic stress assessment and search for sustainable adaptation strategies in Mediterranean-like climates. A review

“…Similarly, other authors have reported a sustained decrease in F v /F m of dark-adapted grapevine leaves along with an increase in F 0 , suggesting the occurrence of photoinhibitory damage in response to high temperature and drought (Gamon and Pearcy 1989;Zulini et al 2007). Moreover, studies regarding the effect of rootstock on grapevine physiological performance in a stressful environment appear to be interlinked with photochemical changes and stomatal limitations (Iacono et al 1998;Toumi et al 2007) Nonetheless, the combined effect of water deficit, high temperature, and light are presumably the main constraints for photosynthesis, particularly under severe soil water deficits (Flexas et al 1998). Chlorophyll degradation is also a consequence of summer stress and appears to be associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Camejo et al 2006;Guo et al 2006).…”

Leaf removal at veraison stage differentially affects qualitative attributes and bioactive composition of fresh and dehydrated grapes of two indigenous Cypriot cultivars

“…Furthermore, many studies showed that clusters exposed to sunlight have lower TA . However, it should be taken into account that no direct comparisons between own‐rooted and grafted vines can be conducted due to different adaptation to environmental stresses …”