Response of Transgenic Potato Plants Expressing Heterologous Genes of ∆9- or ∆12-Acyl-lipid Desaturases to Phytophthora infestans Infection

Abstract

Late blight is one of the most economically important diseases affecting potato and causing a significant loss in yield. The development of transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to infection by Phytophthora infestans may represent a possible approach to solving this issue. A comparative study of the leaf response in control potato plants (S.tuberosum L. cultivar Skoroplodnyi), control transgenic plants expressing the reporter gene of thermostable lichenase (transgenic licBM3 line) and transgenic plants expressing cyanobacterial hybrid genes ∆9-acyl-lipid desaturase (transgenic desC lines) and ∆12-acyl-lipid desaturase (transgenic desA lines) to infection with P. infestans has been performed. The expression of desaturase genes in potato plants enhanced their tolerance to potato late blight agents as compared with the control. The lipid peroxidation level raised in the leaves of the control and transgenic desA plants on third day after inoculation with P. infestans zoospores and remained the same in the transgenic desC plants. The number of total phenolic compounds was increased as early as on the second day after infection in all studied variants and continued to remain the same, except for transgenic desC plants. Accumulation of flavonoids, the main components of the potato leaf phenolic complex, raised on the second day in all studied variants, remained unchanged on the third day in the control plants and decreased in most transgenic plants expressing desaturase genes. The results obtained in our study demonstrate that the expression of genes of Δ9- and Δ12-acyl-lipid desaturases in potato plants enhanced their resistance to P. infestans as compared with the control non-transgenic plants due to concomitant accumulation of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, in the leaves. All these changes were more pronounced in transgenic desC plants, which indicates that the Δ9-acyllipid desaturase gene appears to be a potential inducer of the production of biological antioxidants in plant cells.

Variation in the Outcome of Plant-Mediated Pathogen Interactions in Potato: Effects of Initial Infections on Conspecific vs. Heterospecific Subsequent Infections

“…In the case of plant induced defences, results indicated for both pathogens that levels of phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids) significantly increased after initial and subsequent conspecific infections (relative to controls exposed to a single infection by the corresponding pathogen), possibly explaining induced resistance to conspecific subsequent infections for both pathogens. Previous studies in tomato(González-García et al 2021 ) and potato (Tsypurskaya et al 2022 ) showed that flavonoids conferred resistance against both pathogens, consistent with the idea that flavonoid induction mediated induced resistance to subsequently infecting conspecific pathogens. However, in the case of heterospecific infections, for both pathogens we found that flavonoid levels after initial and heterospecific subsequent infection were not significantly higher than for controls exposed to a single infection by the corresponding subsequent pathogen.…”

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on In Vitro Cultures of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Grown in the Dark and in the Light: Morphology, Content of Malondialdehyde, and Accumulation of Various Polyphenols

“…For the research, the supernatant obtained after the separation of the precipitate (16,000× g , 10 min) was used, with its optical density determined at 532 nm. To calculate the MDA content (µmol g −1 dry weight), the molar extinction coefficient (1.56 × 10 −5 cm −1 M −1 ) was used [ 77 ].…”

Beneficios de los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados, una revisión del 2012 al 2022

“…Los tubérculos de papa son muy pobres en aminoácido esencial, por lo que su mejoramiento se ha enfocado a la metionina mediante la coexpresión de la cistationina γ-sintasa (CgSΔ90) y la proteína de almacenamiento rica en metionina (Parra-Galindo et al, 2021). Mediante la expresión del gen de la ciclodextrina glicosiltransferasas [CGT] se obtiene producción de ciclodextrinas de fibra dietética multipropósito a partir del almidón, dando lugar a tubérculos ricos en carbohidratos de alto valor; adicionalmente se ha obtenido el aumento del contenido de ácido fenólico y antocianinas mediante la sobreexpresión de uno o varios de los genes chalcona sintasa [CHS], chalcona isomerasa [CHI] y dihidroflavonol reductasa [DH] (Tsypurskaya et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2021).…”