Response of the Cervical Spine to Superior-Inferior Head Impact

Nusholtz, Guy S.; Melvin, John W.; Huelke, Donald F.; Alem, Nabih M.; Blank, Jason M.

doi:10.4271/811005

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Medical College of Wisconsin Group have been able to produce isolated compression and compression-flexion fractures in the C4-C6 vertebra by impacting cervical spines axially with the spine straightened (Pintar et al 1995b). Earlier work with whole cadavers in head first impacts also demonstrated the importance of prepositioning of the head, neck, and torso on the injury outcome (Hodgson and Thomas, 1980;Nusholtz et al, 1981;Alem et al, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cervical spinal cord deformation during simulated head-first impact injuries

Saari¹,

Itshayek²,

Cripton³

2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cervical spinal cord deformation during simulated head-first impact injuries

Saari¹,

Itshayek²,

Cripton³

2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…In these configurations, and to a lesser extent in the lateral configuration, the dummy also exhibited an initial s-shape phase where the torso was significantly stopped. A similar behaviour had been described in tests using full cadavers and cervical spine segments in axial loading 24,25,37 , or in FE simulations of head and neck in combined axial and lateral loading 7 . When induced by constraining the head in rotation in cervical spine segments, it was associated with Bilateral Facet Dislocation at the lower cervical spine level 23 .…”

Section: Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Experimental cadaveric studies 1,25,30,39 have shown that a small deviation of the applied load can have a significant influence on both the mechanism and severity of injury. A biofidelic ATD suitable for neck injury risk assessment should reflect the same response and sensitivity to boundary conditions as the human neck, and also be robust.…”

Section: Considerations For Neck Injury Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid III ATD in Inverted Impacts: Influence of Impact Angle on Neck Injury Risk Assessment

et al. 2009

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-The purpose of this paper is to present a protocol of inverted drop-tests using a 50 th percentile Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) and investigate the influence of angle and velocity at impact on neck injury risk assessment. The tests were based on existing cadaveric experimental protocols for inverted seated positions. In this study selected ATD impact orientations were also assessed in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Twenty-six tests were performed at impact velocities from 1.4 m.s -1 to 3.1 m.s -1 . The drop tests confirmed previously described behaviour of the ATD in axial loading of its head/neck/thorax complex. They also showed a significant influence of the initial impact angle on neck injury criteria currently used by researchers in rollover crashworthiness tests. At 1.4 m.s -1 , the peak upper neck axial force of 4350 N was reduced by an average 1760 N ± 80 N for configurations with 30 degrees initial impact angle in any plane, compared to a reference inverted vertical configuration. The N ij was also significantly influenced. For a given impact velocity, an out-of-both-planes initial configuration resulted in the highest combined outputs. Based on these results, similar dynamic conditions (intrusion velocity, impact duration) may result in significantly different loadings of the Hybrid III neck.

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“…The viscoelastic nature of the osteoligamentous spine has been widely reported; however, there are few experimental data quantifying the degree and function by which loading rate affects spinal mechanics (Carter and Hayes, 1976;Nusholtz et al, 1981;McElhaney et al, 1983;Alem et al, 1984;Yoganandan et al, 1989;Neumann et al, 1994;Yingling et al, 1997;Pintar et al, 1998;Race et al, 2000). Understanding the ratedependent mechanics of these tissues is important for accurate modeling of the spine under dynamic loading conditions (Wang et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%