Hybrid III ATD in Inverted Impacts: Influence of Impact Angle on Neck Injury Risk Assessment

Fréchède, Bertrand; McIntosh, Andrew S.; Grzebieta, Raphael; Bambach, Michael Richard

doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9711-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, no study was found in literature that has investigated its biofidelity under direct impact loading, such as in inverted drop tests. Therefore, the Hybrid III neck was employed in this work as its behaviour under direct loading has been addressed in several studies [13,21,28]; in addition, it was available within the consortium. Using human body surrogates whose neck can better reproduce the behaviour of the human neck under axial loading would probably modify the calculated value of γ m , but would not modify its concept, which is the main idea of the present paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the body on the response of the helmeted head during impact

Ghajari

Galvanetto

Iannucci

et al. 2011

International Journal of Crashworthiness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The most frequent type of injury that causes death or disability in motorcycle accidents is head injury. The only item of personal protective equipment that protects a motorcyclist's head in real-world accidents is the safety helmet. The protective capability of a helmet is assessed, according to international standards, through the impact of a headform fitted with the helmet onto an anvil. The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of the presence of the body on the impact response of the helmeted head. Full-body and detached-head impacts were simulated using the finite element (FE) method. As a consequence of the presence of the body, the crushing distance of the helmet liner was drastically increased. This evidence indicated that the effect of the body should be included in impact absorption tests in order to provide conditions that are more realistic and stringent. The solution to an analytical model of the helmeted headform impact revealed that increasing the headform mass has the same influence on impact outputs, particularly the liner's crushing distance, as including the whole body in impact tests. The added mass was calculated by using a helmeted Hybrid III dummy for an impact configuration that frequently occurred in real-world accidents

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the body on the response of the helmeted head during impact

Ghajari

Galvanetto

Iannucci

et al. 2011

International Journal of Crashworthiness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using a neck was necessary to measure the neck tensile force, the indicator of BSF, but the Hybrid III neck is known for its low fidelity particularly under head axial loading [62,63]. However this is not the load condition of interest in the present paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chin bar of motorcycle full-face helmets is the most likely region of the helmet to sustain impacts during accidents, with a large percentage of these impacts leading to basilar skull fracture. Currently, helmet chin bars are designed to mitigate the peak acceleration at the centre of gravity of isolated headforms, as required by standards, but they are not designed to mitigate the neck force, which is probably the cause of basilar skull fracture, a type of head injury that can lead to fatalities. Here we test whether it is possible to increase the protection of helmet chin bars while meeting standard requirements. Fibre-reinforced composite shells are commonly used in helmets due to their lightweight and energy absorption characteristics. We optimize the ply orientation of a chin bar made of fibre-reinforced composite layers for reduction of the neck force in a dummy model using a computational approach. We use the finite element model of a human head/neck surrogate and measure the neck axial force, which has been shown to be correlated with the risk of basilar skull fracture. The results show that by varying the orientation of the chin bar plies, thus keeping the helmet mass constant, the neck axial force can be reduced by approximately 30% while ensuring that the helmet complies with the impact attenuation requirements prescribed in helmet standards. KeywordsHelmet, chin bar, upper neck force.

show abstract

“…Using the standing Hybrid III allowed the head, torso and legs of the ATD to be aligned and minimized the influence of legs on neck loads observed in previous head-first ATD impact experiments. 7 However, as discussed, small variations in ATD posture after release were not assessed and could have influenced the neck loads. Using more instrumentation, particularly the lower neck load cell, could provide more insight into better understanding foam pit response in future testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck Loads During Head-First Entries into Trampoline Dismount Foam Pits: Considerations for Trampoline Park Safety

Whyte

Lind

Richards³

et al. 2022

Ann Biomed Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serious cervical spine injuries have been documented from falls into foam pits at trampoline parks. To address the lack of evidence on how foam pits should be designed for mitigating neck injury risk, this study aimed to quantify neck loads during head-first entry into varying foam pit designs. An instrumented Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device was dropped head-first from a height of up to 1.5 m into three differently constructed foam pits, each using a different mechanism to prevent direct contact between the falling person and the floor (foam slab, trampoline or net bed). Measured neck loads were compared to published injury reference values. In the simplest, foam-only pit design, increasing foam depth tended to reduce peak compressive force. At least one injury assessment reference metric was exceeded in all pit conditions tested for 1.5 m falls, most commonly the time-dependent neck compression criterion. The results highlight the importance of adequate foam depth in combination with appropriate pit design in minimizing injury risk. The risk of cervical spine injury may not be reduced sufficiently with current foam pit designs.

show abstract

Hybrid III ATD in Inverted Impacts: Influence of Impact Angle on Neck Injury Risk Assessment

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of the body on the response of the helmeted head during impact

Influence of the body on the response of the helmeted head during impact

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

Neck Loads During Head-First Entries into Trampoline Dismount Foam Pits: Considerations for Trampoline Park Safety

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About