Response of synthetic diamond detectors in proton, carbon, and oxygen ion beams

Rossomme, Séverine; Marinelli, M.; Verona-Rinati, G.; Romano, F.; Cirrone, G.A.P.; Kacperek, Andrzej; Vynckier, Stefaan

doi:10.1002/mp.12473

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Following beam monitor chamber calibration (see Section 2.E), absorbed doses were measured in a water phantom (PTW type 41023) at different depths along the SOBPs with the reference Advanced Markus chamber and compared with MC simulations in relative terms. The use of the PTW proton diode (type PR60020) or a micro‐diamond detector is foreseen for FSs below 1 cm (i.e., less than twice the sensitive area of the ionization chamber, as recommended in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS)‐398).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and commissioning of the non‐dedicated scanning proton beamline for ocular treatment at the synchrotron‐based CNAO facility

et al. 2019

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Purpose: Only few centers worldwide treat intraocular tumors with proton therapy, all of them with a dedicated beamline, except in one case in the USA. The Italian National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) is a synchrotron-based hadrontherapy facility equipped with fixed beamlines and pencil beam scanning modality. Recently, a general-purpose horizontal proton beamline was adapted to treat also ocular diseases. In this work, the conceptual design and main dosimetric properties of this new proton eyeline are presented. Methods: A 28 mm thick water-equivalent range shifter (RS) was placed along the proton beamline to shift the minimum beam penetration at shallower depths. FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to optimize the position of the RS and patient-specific collimator, in order to achieve sharp lateral dose gradients. Lateral dose profiles were then measured with radiochromic EBT3 films to evaluate the dose uniformity and lateral penumbra width at several depths. Different beam scanning patterns were tested. Discrete energy levels with 1 mm water-equivalent step within the whole ocular energy range (62.7-89.8 MeV) were used, while fine adjustment of beam range was achieved using thin polymethylmethacrylate additional sheets.Depth-dose distributions (DDDs) were measured with the Peakfinder system. Monoenergetic beam weights to achieve flat spread-out Bragg Peaks (SOBPs) were numerically determined. Absorbed dose to water under reference conditions was measured with an Advanced Markus chamber, following International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS)-398 Code of Practice. Neutron dose at the contralateral eye was evaluated with passive bubble dosimeters. Results: Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results confirmed that maximizing the air gap between RS and aperture reduces the lateral dose penumbra width of the collimated beam and increases the field transversal dose homogeneity. Therefore, RS and brass collimator were placed at about 98 cm (upstream of the beam monitors) and 7 cm from the isocenter, respectively. The lateral 80%-20% penumbra at middle-SOBP ranged between 1.4 and 1.7 mm depending on field size, while 90%-10% distal fall-off of the DDDs ranged between 1.0 and 1.5 mm, as a function of range. Such values are comparable to those reported for most existing eye-dedicated facilities. Measured SOBP doses were in very good agreement with MC simulations. Mean neutron dose at the contralateral eye was 68 lSv/Gy. Beam delivery time, for 60 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) prescription dose in four fractions, was around 3 min per session. Conclusions: Our adapted scanning proton beamline satisfied the requirements for intraocular tumor treatment. The first ocular treatment was delivered in August 2016 and more than 100 patients successfully completed their treatment in these 2 yr.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and commissioning of the non‐dedicated scanning proton beamline for ocular treatment at the synchrotron‐based CNAO facility

et al. 2019

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“…These detectors appear to be dose rate independent, radiation hard, and exhibit limited LET dependence; in clinical protons beams and carbon ion beams no significant quenching effects can be observed. Only in low‐energy ion beams with very high LET in the Bragg peak minor quenching effects can be observed …”

Section: Detectors For Absorbed Dose In Nonreference Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only in low-energy ion beams with very high LET in the Bragg peak minor quenching effects can be observed. 144,145…”

Section: E Solid-state Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Giordanengo

2018

Medical Physics

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This article is intended to present the different types of particle and radiation detectors available for applications in particle therapy. Several types of detectors and sensors exist for measurements of absorbed dose in reference and nonreference conditions and the ones in use for beam monitoring. Therefore, this manuscript focuses on the following applications: (a) primary methods for dosimetry in ion beams, (b) measurements of absorbed dose in realistic patient‐specific scenarios with different dose delivery configurations, and (c) beam monitoring. Water and graphite calorimeters, Faraday cups, ionization based gas detectors are described first, followed by the description of the protocols for proton and ion dosimetry. Then films, scintillator and solid‐state detectors are reviewed. Finally, several types of ionization chambers (large, pinpoint, arrays of chambers arranged in regular 1D or 2D pattern, parallel‐plate configuration with large integral electrodes or with anode segmented in strips or pixels, multi‐wire, and the multi‐gap prototype) have been considered. New beam monitors to deal with a wide range of intensity and pulsed beams expected from new accelerators, different dose fractionation and advanced delivery techniques are presented. The existing detectors available for particle therapy have been described taking into account the different requirements for devices used in reference and nonreference conditions and the ones designed for beam monitoring.

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“…Detectors are commonly used in conjunction with a phantom for dosimetry measurements. Dosimeter function depends on properties such as linearity (the relationship between the dosimeter reading and dosimetric quantity), dose rate, energy dependence (the effect of different energies on the measurements), spatial resolution (the clarity of the dose map) and, in particle therapy, the energy transferred per unit length of the track – linear energy transfer [15]. A number of detectors have been well established in this field, summarised in Table 1.…”

Section: The Standardization Of Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical dosimetry: exploring the use of small animal phantoms

et al. 2019

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Preclinical radiotherapy studies using small animals are an indispensable step in the pathway from in vitro experiments to clinical implementation. As radiotherapy techniques advance in the clinic, it is important that preclinical models evolve to keep in line with these developments. The use of orthotopic tumour sites, the development of tissue-equivalent mice phantoms and the recent introduction of image-guided small animal radiation research platforms has enabled similar precision treatments to be delivered in the laboratory. These technological developments, however, are hindered by a lack of corresponding dosimetry standards and poor reporting of methodologies. Without robust and well documented preclinical radiotherapy quality assurance processes, it is not possible to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of dose measurements between laboratories. As a consequence current RT-based preclinical models are at risk of becoming irrelevant. In this review we explore current standardization initiatives, focusing in particular on recent developments in small animal irradiation equipment, 3D printing technology to create customisable tissue-equivalent dosimetry phantoms and combining these phantoms with commonly used detectors.

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Response of synthetic diamond detectors in proton, carbon, and oxygen ion beams

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Design and commissioning of the non‐dedicated scanning proton beamline for ocular treatment at the synchrotron‐based CNAO facility

Design and commissioning of the non‐dedicated scanning proton beamline for ocular treatment at the synchrotron‐based CNAO facility

Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications

Preclinical dosimetry: exploring the use of small animal phantoms

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