Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) tree crown structure to competition in pure versus mixed stands

Martin-Ducup, Olivier; Schneider, Robert; Fournier, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.047

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As predicted by the balanced-growth hypothesis, improved belowground resource availability, uptake, and use efficiency are reflected by increased investment in aboveground biomass (Shipley & Meziane, 2002;Poorter et al, 2012). Depending on the species, this may result in higher plasticity of crown properties such as crown length, width, and crown surface due to more lateral branches and altered branch angles (Dieler & Pretzsch, 2013;Metz et al, 2013;Jucker et al, 2015;Olivier et al, 2016;Barbeito et al, 2017;Forrester et al, 2017b;Juchheim et al, 2017). Higher Box 1 Commonly used terms, adopted from Forrester & Pretzsch (2015) and expanded…”

Section: Drivers Of the Diversity-productivity Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

2018

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Contents Summary 50 I. Introduction 50 II. Drivers of the diversity-productivity relationship 51 III. Patterns of the diversity-productivity relationship 55 IV. Responses of mixed stands to climate change 57 V. Conclusions 60 Acknowledgements 61 References 61 SUMMARY: Although the relationship between species diversity and biomass productivity has been extensively studied in grasslands, the impact of tree species diversity on forest productivity, as well as the main drivers of this relationship, are still under discussion. It is widely accepted that the magnitude of the relationship between tree diversity and forest stand productivity is context specific and depends on environmental conditions, but the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully understood. Competition reduction and facilitation have been identified as key mechanisms driving the diversity-productivity relationship. However, contrasting results have been reported with respect to the extent to which competition reduction and facilitation determine the diversity-productivity relationship. They appear to depend on regional climate, soil fertility, functional diversity of the tree species involved, and developmental stage of the forest. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge and to suggest a conceptual framework to explain the various processes leading to higher productivity of species-rich forests compared with average yields of their respective monocultures. This framework provides three pathways for possible development of the diversity-productivity relationship under a changing climate.

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Section: Drivers Of the Diversity-productivity Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

2018

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“…We calculated crown ratio (CR) as crown length (CL = tree height minus CBH) divided by tree height. Crown openness (i.e., the angle between the symmetry axis of the crown and the outer limit of the shade crown), crown sinuosity (i.e., the vertical crown asymmetry) and crown roughness (i.e., the ratio between the surface of a modelled crown and the surface of the 3D alpha-shape) were derived according to Martin-Ducup et al [36].…”

Section: Tls Data Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Abandonment of Forest Management Has a Strong Impact on Tree Morphology and Wood Volume Allocation Pattern of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Georgi

Kunz

Fichtner

et al. 2018

Forests

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The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of individual trees is critical for light interception, growth, stability and interactions with the local environment. Forest management intensity is a key driver of tree morphology, but how the long-term abandonment of silvicultural measures impacts trunk and crown morphological traits is not fully understood. Here, we take advantage of a long management intensity gradient combined with a high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) approach to explore how management history affects the 3D structure of mature beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. The management gradient ranged from long-term (>50 years) and short-term (>20 years) unmanaged to extensively and intensively managed beech stands. We determined 28 morphological traits and quantified the vertical distribution of wood volume along the trunk. We evaluated the differences in tree morphological traits between study stands using Tukey's HSD test. Our results show that 93% of the investigated morphological traits differed significantly between the study stands. Significant differences, however, emerged most strongly in the stand where forest management had ceased >50 years ago. Furthermore, we found that the vertical distribution of trunk wood volume was highly responsive between stands with different management intensity, leading to a 67% higher taper top height and 30% lower taper of beech trees growing in long-term unmanaged stands compared to those in short-term unmanaged or managed stands. These results have important implications for management intensity decisions. It is suggested that the economic value of individual beech trees from long-term unmanaged forests can be expected to be very high. This might also translate to beech forests that are extensively managed, but we found that a few decades of implementation of such a silvicultural system is not sufficient to cause significant differences when compared to intensively managed stands. Furthermore, TLS-based high-resolution analyses of trunk and crown traits play a crucial role in the ability to better understand or predict tree growth responses to the current drivers of global change.

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“…Over the past decade a number of methods have been developed to derive common tree inventory parameters, such as DBH, TH, ground diameter (GD), and crown radii, from TLS point clouds in an automated or semi-automated fashion (Thies et al 2004, Maas et al 2008, Seidel et al 2011a, Li et al 2014, Seidel et al 2015. The extraction of wood and crown volumes, as a more complex task, has specifically advanced over recent years (Raumonen et al 2013, Bienert et al 2014, Hackenberg et al 2015b, Martin-Ducup et al 2016. However, there are currently no commercially available software packages that deliver wood volumes from TLS point clouds in mixed stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of wood volume estimates of young trees from terrestrial laser scan data

Kunz¹,

Hess²,

Raumonen³

et al. 2017

iForest

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Many analyses in ecology and forestry require wood volume estimates of trees. However, non-destructive measurements are not straightforward because trees are differing in their three-dimensional structures and shapes. In this paper we compared three methods (one voxel-based and two cylinder-based methods) for wood volume calculation of trees from point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning. We analysed a total of 24 young trees, composed of four different species ranging between 1.79 m to 7.96 m in height, comparing the derived volume estimates from the point clouds with xylometric reference volumes for each tree. We found that both voxel-and cylinder-based approaches are able to compute wood volumes with an average accuracy above 90% when compared to reference volumes. The best results were achieved with the voxel-based method (r 2 = 0.98). Cylinder-model based methods (r 2 = 0.90 and 0.92 respectively) did perform slightly less well but offer valuable additional opportunities to analyse structural parameters for each tree. We found that the error of volume estimates from point clouds are strongly species-specific. Therefore, species-specific parameter sets for point-cloud based wood volume estimation methods are required for more robust estimates across a number of tree species.

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Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) tree crown structure to competition in pure versus mixed stands

Cited by 77 publications

References 46 publications

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

Long-Term Abandonment of Forest Management Has a Strong Impact on Tree Morphology and Wood Volume Allocation Pattern of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Comparison of wood volume estimates of young trees from terrestrial laser scan data

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