Response of Small-Grain Cultivars to Chlorsulfuron

Abstract

The response of several spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars to preemergence and postemergence applications of chlorsulfuron (tested under code number DPX-4189) {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated in the field and greenhouse in 1979. In greenhouse experiments, ‘Butte’ spring wheat was less susceptible than six other spring wheat cultivars to chlorsulfuron at 1.0 kg/ha applied preemergence or postemergence. ‘Morex’, ‘Conquest’, and ‘Bonanza’ barley cultivars were less susceptible than six other barley cultivars to preemergence chlorsulfuron, but barley cultivars were similar in response to postemergence chlorsulfuron. The eight oat cultivars responded similarly to preemergence and postemergence chlorsulfuron at 1.0 kg/ha. Data from two field experiments, which included evaluation of durum wheat [Triticum durum (Desf.)] cultivars, indicated that the four small grains had adequate tolerance to postemergence chlorsulfuron at 0.125 and 0.25 kg/ha, except that durum wheat grain yield was reduced by 0.25 kg/ha at the Rosemount location. No differential cultivar responses to chlorsulfuron occurred among the small grains in the field.

The mechanism of differential response of wheat cultivars to chlorsulfuron

“…The detachment of leaf 4 of Rongotea following chlorsulfuron application is similar to results in previous reports for wheat (Hageman & Behrens, 1981) and velvetleaf {Abutilon theophrasti Medic; Hageman & Behrens, 1984), Reductions in dry weight were always greater at the earlier harvests and all cultivars showed considerable recovery from the early damage. Similarly, Royuela et aL (1990), found that phytotoxic effects from chlorsulfuron were less evident at the heading stage than at tillering in winter wheat.…”

Urea Ammonium Nitrate as the Carrier for Herbicides in Winter Wheat

“…Wicks et al [22] and Bailey et al [23] reported no wheat injury with thifensulfuron/tribenuronmethyl applied POST at 47 g·ha −1 in Virginia, USA. Hageman and Behrens [24] found as much as 11% injury with chlorsulfuron another sulfonylurea herbicide in wheat.…”

Sensitivity of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) to various postemergence herbicides

“…Mesotrione applied POST caused a decrease in the yield of spring wheat of up to 14% [20]. Hageman and Behrens [3] found as much as 30% yield reduction with chlorsulfuron in durum wheat under some environments at Minnesota, USA.…”

“…Wicks et al [14] and Bailey et al [15] reported no wheat injury with thifensulfuron-methyl plus tribenuron-methyl applied POST at 47 g·ha -1 in Virginia, USA. Hageman and Behrens [3] found as much as 11% injury with chlorsulfuron another sulfonylurea herbicide in durum wheat at Minnesota, USA.…”

“…There are a limited number of grass and broadleaved herbicides registered for use in durum wheat in Ontario. Durum wheat has been shown to respond differently than conventional wheat to some herbicides [3,4]. Cultivar differences in the tolerance to some herbicides have been reported within T. aestivum [5][6][7][8][9].…”