Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed differential tolerance to chlorsulfuron. Cultivar Kotare showed no injury symptoms following foliar applications of chlorsulfuron at 15 or 60 g a.i. ha−1, while cultivars Rongotea and Lancer showed early damage in pot and field experiments at both rates of chlorsulfuron. Cultivars Abele and Jasper were intermediate in their response. The number of spikelets per ear was the only yield component affected by chlorsulfuron and was reduced in Lancer and Rongotea. Retention, uptake and transiocation of chlorsulfuron were not different between Kotare and Ron‐gotea. Within 48 h of application, Kotare metabolized 92–2% of [14C]chlorsulfuron, while Lancer and Rongotea metabolized only 43–5% and 63% of the herbicide, respectively. The concentration of chlorsulfuron in young tissues of Kotare, Lancer and Rongotea, 48 h after application was calculated as 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively. It is concluded that differential rates of metabolism are the main reason for differences in sensitivity to chlorsulfuron between the wheat cultivars tested. Le mécanisme des différences de tolérance au chlorsulfuron entre variétés de blé Des variétés de blé (Triticum aestivum L.) ont montré des différences de tolérance au chlorsul‐furon. On n'a aucun symptôme de phytotoxicité sur la variété‘Kotare’ après une application foliaire de chlorsulfuron à 15 ou 60 g m.a. ha−1, alors que les variétés ‘Rongotea’ et ‘Lancer’ présentaient des symptômes précoces aux deux doses, dans des expériences en pot et au champ. La réponse des variété‘Abele’ et ‘Jasper’était intermédiaire. Le nombre de grains par épillet était la seule composante du rendement affectée parle chlorsulfuron et était réduit chez Lancer et Rongotea. La rétention, la pénétration et la migration de chlorsulfuron n'était pas différentes entre Kotare et Rongotea. Quarante huit heures après le traitement, Kotare avait metabolise 92,2% du [14C]chlorsulfuron, alors que Lancer et Rongotea ne métabolisaient que respectivement 43,5 et 63% de l'herbicide. La concentration de chlorsulfuron dans les tissus jeunes de Kotare, Lancer et Rongotea 48 h après la traitement a étéévaluée à respectivement 1,2,31,9 et 15,6 ng g−1 de matière sèche. Il est conclu que des différences de vitesse de métabolisation sont la raison principale des différences de sensibilité au chlorsulfuron observées chez les variétés de blé testées. Mechanismen der unterschiedlichen Reaktion von Weizensorten auf Chlorsulfuron‐Behandlun‐gen Es wurde eine unterschiedliche Toleranz bei Weizensorten (Triticum aestivum L.) gegenüber Chlorsulfuron‐Behandlungen beobachtet. Bei der Sorte ‘Kotare’ traten nach Behandlungen mit 15 oder 60 g AS ha keine Schadsymtome auf, während die Sorten ‘Rongotea’ und ‘Lancer’ sowohl in Topfals auch in Freilandversuchen bei beiden Dosen frühe Schädigungen erlitten; die Sorten ‘Abel’ und ‘Jasper’ reagierten mittelstark. Unter den Ertragskomponenten war nur die Zahl der Ährchen pro Ähre betroffen, sie war bei ‘...
Paralongidorus iranicus n. sp., a new bisexual species of the genus, is described and illustrated by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular studies from specimens collected in the rhizosphere of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from the Caspian (Khazar) seashore, Nour, northern Iran. Paralongidorus iranicus n. sp. is characterised by the large body size (7.8-11.4 mm), a rounded lip region, clearly set off by a collar-like constriction at level of, or slightly posterior to, the amphidial aperture, and bearing a very large, stirrup-shaped, amphidial fovea, with conspicuous slit-like aperture, a very long and flexible odontostyle ca 170 μm long, guiding ring located at 34 μm from anterior end and males with spicules ca 80 μm long. In addition, data from an Iranian population of P. bikanerensis recovered from the rhizosphere of palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Bam, Kerman province, south-eastern Iran, agree very well and are very close to the original description of the species from India. The D2 and D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA gene, ITS1, and 18S rRNA sequences were obtained for P. iranicus n. sp. and P. bikanerensis. Phylogenetic analyses of P. iranicus n. sp. and P. bikanerensis rRNA gene sequences and of Longidorus spp. sequences published in GenBank were done using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference. Paralongidorus species (including P. iranicus n. sp.) clustered together; however, P. bikanerensis clustered within Longidorus spp. and was clearly separated from all other Paralongidorus spp. in trees generated from the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S and partial 18S data set, respectively.
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