Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Cadmium and Nickel Stress: The Use of the Sugar Cane Vinasse as a Potential Mitigator

Abstract

Most of the metals released from industrial activity, among them are cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), inhibit the productivity of cultures and affect microbial metabolism. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd and Ni on cell growth, viability, budding rate and trehalose content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, likely because of adsorption and chelating action. For this purpose, the yeast was grown batch-wise in YED medium supplemented with selected amounts of vinasse and Cd or Ni. The negative effects of Cd and Ni on S. cerevisiae growth and the mitigating one of sugar cane vinasse were quantified by an exponential model. Without vinasse, the addition of increasing levels of Cd and Ni reduced the specific growth rate, whereas in its presence no reduction was observed. Consistently with the well-proved toxicity of both metals, cell viability and budding rate progressively decreased with increasing their concentration, but in the presence of vinasse the situation was remarkably improved. The trehalose content of S. cerevisiae cells followed the same qualitative behavior as cell viability, even though the negative effect of both metals on this parameter was stronger. These results demonstrate the ability of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and Ni.

Polyhydroxyfullerene Binds Cadmium Ions and Alleviates Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…We used the yeast S. cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model system to confirm that Cd induces oxidative stress (22,23) and to provide the first insights into the mechanisms by which PHF is able to mitigate the stress induced by metals. Similarly to other authors (e.g., Oliveira et al [36]), we found that Cd inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae in a dose-dependent manner. In our study, the negative effects of Cd on yeast growth increased with pH from 5.8 to 6.8.…”

“…We selected the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae because (i) it has been used as a eukaryotic model system to study oxidative stress responses (30)(31)(32) and (ii) mounting evidence suggests that Cd can induce oxidative stress by accumulating ROS or free radicals (22,33,34). Because the uptake and toxicity of Cd in yeasts can change with environmental conditions (e.g., pH [35] and Cd concentration [36]), we assessed the effects of Cd and PHF alone and in mixtures on yeast growth, intracellular ROS accumulation, and plasma membrane integrity at different pHs and exposure concentrations. Moreover, we used scanning electron microscopy coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX) and scanned stripping chronopotentiometry (SSCP), a dynamic electrochemical stripping technique, to examine putative physicochemical interactions between PHF nanoparticles and Cd ions in an attempt to better understand the mode of action of these nanoparticles in biological systems.…”

Magnesium capability to attenuate the toxicity of aluminum on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2

“…In the absence of Mg ( Figure 1A) there was a decrease in the growth rate of the yeast. Moreover, in the concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L -1 a delay at the end of the Log phase was observed, which had already been reported by, Mariano-da-Silva and Basso (2004) and Oliveira et al (2012) concerning cadmium. Magnesium capability to attenuate the toxicity of aluminum on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2…”

“…Adding 100 mg L -1 of Mg resulted in a considerable loss of viability and restored the budding rates. These parameters (cell viability and budding rate) reflect the physiological state of the culture, provided that, cell viability indicates the physiological stress to which the yeast was submitted, and the budding rate offers information on the development of the culture (MARIANO-DA-SILVA, 1998; RODRÍGUES-PORRATA et al, 2008;OLIVEIRA et al, 2012).…”

Improved cadmium resistance and removal capacity in Pichia kudriavzevii A16 by sucrose preincubation

“…Previous research showed that reduced heavy metal accumulation inside cells could help relieve the cadmium toxicity and increase the biomass cadmium tolerance . Oliveira et al reported that sugar cane vinasse mitigated the adverse effect of cadmium and nickel on cell growth and budding in S . cerevisiae .…”