Response of Mycorrhizal ’Touriga Nacional‘ Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. ‘Touriga Nacional’ variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Major Changes in Primary Metabolism Together With Modification of Defense Responses and Signaling in Both Roots and Leaves of Vitis vinifera

“…Indeed, higher mycorrhizal colonization was evidenced in drier soil areas (Donkó et al, 2014 ). In addition, colonization of 1-year-old grapevines by AMF increased the water flux and photosynthesis compared to non-colonized plants (Nogales et al, 2020 ). In the same study, Nogales et al ( 2020 ) further investigated responses of mycorrhized cv.…”

“…In addition, colonization of 1-year-old grapevines by AMF increased the water flux and photosynthesis compared to non-colonized plants (Nogales et al, 2020 ). In the same study, Nogales et al ( 2020 ) further investigated responses of mycorrhized cv. Touriga Nacional grapevines to heat stress.…”

Exploring the Applicability of Calorespirometry to Assess Seed Metabolic Stability Upon Temperature Stress Conditions—Pisum sativum L. Used as a Case Study

“…In addition to CO 2 production rates, plant respiration is linked to the production of metabolic heat, and plant growth rates have been correlated with heat rates ( Criddle et al, 1991 ). Calorespirometry is a rapid method for simultaneously measuring the metabolic heat rate and CO 2 emission rate of biological samples at different environmental temperatures ( Nogales et al, 2013 , 2015 , 2020 ). Combining respiratory heat and CO 2 rates as a function of temperature enables the calculation of carbon use efficiency (the fraction of carbon substrate incorporated into structural biomass, ε) and growth rate as functions of temperature to select the temperature range to which plants are well-adapted ( Hansen et al, 2009 ).…”

“…Combining respiratory heat and CO 2 rates as a function of temperature enables the calculation of carbon use efficiency (the fraction of carbon substrate incorporated into structural biomass, ε) and growth rate as functions of temperature to select the temperature range to which plants are well-adapted ( Hansen et al, 2009 ). This approach has been used as a screening tool to assess metabolic and respiratory changes associated with cell reprogramming events ( Arnholdt-Schmitt et al, 2018 ) that include plant plasticity towards different growing temperatures ( Nogales et al, 2013 , 2015 , 2020 ; Campos et al, 2016 ). Most calorespirometric studies have been done with actively growing tissues, such as the cambial tissue taken from carrot taproots ( Nogales et al, 2013 , 2015 ), young leaves or shoots taken from seedlings/plantlets ( Matheson et al, 2004 ; Nogales et al, 2020 ), and somatic calli characterized by active cell mitoses ( Campos et al, 2016 ).…”

“…This approach has been used as a screening tool to assess metabolic and respiratory changes associated with cell reprogramming events ( Arnholdt-Schmitt et al, 2018 ) that include plant plasticity towards different growing temperatures ( Nogales et al, 2013 , 2015 , 2020 ; Campos et al, 2016 ). Most calorespirometric studies have been done with actively growing tissues, such as the cambial tissue taken from carrot taproots ( Nogales et al, 2013 , 2015 ), young leaves or shoots taken from seedlings/plantlets ( Matheson et al, 2004 ; Nogales et al, 2020 ), and somatic calli characterized by active cell mitoses ( Campos et al, 2016 ). The previous use of calorespirometry on seeds is limited, but the applicability of calorespirometry for the seed phenotyping of melon is known from Edelstein et al (2001) , and more recently of carrot, chickpea, and pea seeds by Mohanapriya et al (2019) .…”