Response of Mouse Visual Cortical Neurons to Electric Stimulation of the Retina

Ryu, Sang Baek; Werginz, Paul; Fried, Shelley I.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00324

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…5 E , vertical red dashed line), and this value served as our boundary to split cells into NS and BS cells. In accordance with previous reports (e.g., Niell and Stryker, 2008 ; Bigelow et al, 2019 ; Ryu et al, 2019 ), the spontaneous FR of NS cells was typically faster than BS cells (10.2 ± 8.8 Hz vs 2.3 ± 2.9 Hz, Mann–Whitney U test: p < 0.001).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence

Olsen

Hasenstaub

2022

J. Neurosci.

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Sensory responses typically vary depending on the recent history of sensory experience. This is essential for processes, including adaptation, efficient coding, and change detection. In the auditory cortex (AC), the short-term history dependence of sound-evoked (onset) responses has been well characterized. Yet many AC neurons also respond to sound terminations, and little is known about the history dependence of these “offset” responses, whether the short-term dynamics of onset and offset responses are correlated, or how these properties are distributed among cell types. Here we presented awake male and female mice with repeating noise burst stimuli while recording single-unit activity from primary AC. We identified parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons through optotagging, and also separated narrow-spiking from broad-spiking units. We found that offset responses are typically less depressive than onset responses, and this result was robust to a variety of stimulus parameters, controls, measurement types, and selection criteria. Whether a cell's onset response facilitates or depresses does not predict whether its offset response facilitates or depresses. Cell types differed in the dynamics of their onset responses, and in the prevalence, but not the dynamics, of their offset responses. Finally, we clustered cells according to spiking responses and found that response clusters were associated with cell type. Each cluster contained cells of several types, but even within a cluster, cells often showed cell type-specific response dynamics. We conclude that onset and offset responses are differentially influenced by recent sound history, and discuss the implications of this for the encoding of ongoing sound stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory neuron responses depend on stimulus history. This history dependence is crucial for sensory processing, is precisely controlled at individual synapses and circuits, and is adaptive to the specific requirements of different sensory systems. In the auditory cortex, neurons respond to sound cessation as well as to sound itself, but how history dependence is used along this separate, “offset” information stream is unknown. We show that offset responses are more facilitatory than sound responses, even in neurons where sound responses depress. In contrast to sound onset responses, offset responses are absent in many cells, are relatively homogeneous, and show no cell type-specific differences in history dependence. Offset responses thus show unique response dynamics, suggesting their unique functions.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence

Olsen

Hasenstaub

2022

J. Neurosci.

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“…Further studies to understand why different neurons have preferred temporal profiles can shed light on the effects of frequency modulation. Biomimetic amplitude modulation, which consistently evoked distinct onset and offset transients, should more consistently evoke neural transients similar to those present in recorded neural data [16],[18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Biomimetic ICMS that mimics cortical activity can potentially improve evoked percepts and efficacy [12]- [15]. In sensory cortices, neurons respond strongly to the onset and offset of sensory input with modest firing in between [16]- [18]. To mimic these strong transients, amplitude or frequency of ICMS can be elevated during onset and offset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic microstimulation of sensory cortices

Hughes

Kozai

2022

Preprint

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BackgroundIntracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is being researched to treat neurological disease or injury. Biomimetic microstimulation, or stimulus trains that mimic neural activity in the brain, made sensations more focal and natural in a human participant, but it is not understood how biomimetic microstimulation affects neural activation. Adaptation (decreases in evoked intensity over time) is also a potential barrier to clinical implementation of sensory feedback, and biomimetic microstimulation may reduce this effect.ObjectiveWe evaluated how biomimetic trains change the calcium response, spatial distribution, and adaptation of neurons in the somatosensory and visual cortices.MethodsCalcium responses of neurons were measured in Layer 2/3 of visual and somatosensory cortices of anesthetized GCaMP6s mice in response to ICMS trains with fixed amplitude and frequency (Fixed) and three biomimetic ICMS trains that increased the stimulation intensity during the onset and offset of stimulation by modulating the amplitude (BioAmp), frequency (BioFreq), or amplitude and frequency (BioBoth). ICMS was provided for either 1-s with 4-s breaks (Short) or for 30-s with 15-s breaks (Long).ResultsBioAmp and BioBoth trains evoked distinct onset and offset transients in recruited neurons, while BioFreq trains evoked activity similar to Fixed trains. Biomimetic amplitude reduced adaptation (decreases in evoked calcium intensity) by 14.6±0.3% for Short and 36.1±0.6% for Long trains. Ideal observers were 0.031±0.009s faster for onset detection and 1.33±0.21s faster for offset detection with biomimetic amplitude.ConclusionsBiomimetic amplitude modulation evokes distinct onset and offset transients, reduces adaptation, and decreases total charge injection for sensory feedback in brain-computer interfaces.HighlightsBiomimetic amplitude modulation of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) evokes distinct onset and offset transients in recruited neural populationsIndividual neurons can be separated into distinct classes based on their spatiotemporal responses to short (1 s) and long (30 s) as well as biomimetic or non-biomimetic ICMS profilesAdaptation to ICMS (decreases in evoked calcium intensity over time) are reduced for biomimetic amplitude trainsIdeal observers (i.e. Bayesian classifiers) identify onset and offset of ICMS faster and more confidently with biomimetic amplitude modulationBiomimetic amplitude modulation of ICMS strongly signals onset and offset of stimulus input, reduces adaptation of neural activation, and decreases total charge injection for sensory feedback in brain-computer interfaces

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“…The depth along the recording probe of each neuron was used to sort the neurons into their estimated cortical layer. Instantaneous firing rate was measured to check whether highest firing rates were found in L5 as expected from literature (Narayanan et al, 2017a;Ryu et al, 2019). Correlation in each layer were then compared using the same process and metric as stated previously.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Preprocessing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Neuromodulation and Correlation Change in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Ramachandran

Niu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a neuromodulation technique which has been the focus of increasing interest for noninvasive brain stimulation with high spatial specificity. Its ability to excite and inhibit neural circuits as well as to modulate perception and behavior has been demonstrated, however, we currently lack understanding of how tFUS modulates the ways neurons interact with each other. This understanding would help explain tFUS's mechanism of high-level neuromodulation and allow future development of therapies for neurological disorders. In this study we investigate how tFUS modulates neural interaction and response to peripheral electrical limb stimulation through intracranial multi-electrode recordings in the rat somatosensory cortex. We deliver ultrasound in a pulsed pattern to attempt to induce frequency dependent plasticity in a manner similar to that found following electrical stimulation. We show that neural firing in response to peripheral electrical stimulation is increased after ultrasound stimulation at all frequencies, showing tFUS induced excitation in individual neurons in vivo. We demonstrate tFUS frequency dependent pairwise correlation changes between neurons, with both potentiation and depression observed at different frequencies. These results extend previous research showing tFUS to be capable of inducing synaptic depression and demonstrate its ability to modulate network dynamics as a whole.

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Response of Mouse Visual Cortical Neurons to Electric Stimulation of the Retina

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence

Offset Responses in the Auditory Cortex Show Unique History Dependence

Biomimetic microstimulation of sensory cortices

Ultrasound Neuromodulation and Correlation Change in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex

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