Response of London’s Urban Heat Island to a Marine Air Intrusion in an Easterly Wind Regime

Chemel, Charles; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.

doi:10.1007/s10546-012-9705-x

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is due to the UHI effect and could affect turbulent mixing of pollutants (Chemel and Sokhi 2012) which could in turn increase ozone (O 3 ) concentrations near the surface at night and reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentrations (Zhang and Rao 1999;Sect. 15.4.2).…”

Section: Urban Climate In the North Sea Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic Impacts—Urban Climate

Schlünzen

Bohnenstengel

2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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About 80 % of the population within the North Sea countries currently lives in an urban area and this percentage is projected to continue to rise. Urban areas are not only impacted by changes in regional climate but are themselves responsible for causing local modifications in regional climate resulting in the so-called 'urban climate'. The urban climate in North Sea cities has several common features: higher temperatures relative to the surrounding regions (especially at night), greater temperature variability, deeper but less stable boundary layers at night, lower average wind speeds but stronger gusts, reduced evapotranspiration, and greater air pollution (local exceedances of limit values for nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, with ship emissions a relevant contributor in harbour cities). Indications of climate change are now apparent and include hinterland flooding, more intense precipitation, and drier and warmer summers. Cities contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and measures are needed to reduce these. Cities also need to adapt to climate change. Despite broad similarities between urban areas, in terms of mitigation and adaptation to climate change there are large location-specific differences with regard to city planning needs. Hamburg and London are used as examples. Adaptation measures include better insulation of buildings to reduce energy use and anthropogenic heat emissions, higher dykes to protect against increased water levels, and rain water drainage to avoid hinterland flooding. Scenarios are outlined for urban development with greened roofs, higher albedo values and lower sealing of surfaces.

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Section: Urban Climate In the North Sea Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic Impacts—Urban Climate

Schlünzen

Bohnenstengel

2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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“…Furthermore, the error statistics of 2-m air temperatures at different sites pointed to an overall good performance of the model, with a bias of a few tenths of a degree, a root mean square error around 1.4 °C and a correlation coefficient with a value of 0.95. This puts our simple model in the same performance category as that of more detailed and complete mesoscale models (see, e.g., [35][36][37][38]). Lauwaet et al [39] evaluated the simulated UHI effect for the city of Brussels (Belgium) during the summer of 2008 and found that the model was able to reproduce the observed differences in time series of 2-m air temperatures from 3 different stations, with very small positive biases, root mean square errors around 1 °C and correlation coefficients up to 0.7.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Urban Heat Island Projections for Cities Worldwide: Dynamical Downscaling CMIP5 Global Climate Models

Lauwaet

Hooyberghs

Maiheu

et al. 2015

Climate

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Abstract:A new dynamical downscaling methodology to analyze the impact of global climate change on the local climate of cities worldwide is presented. The urban boundary layer climate model UrbClim is coupled to 11 global climate models contained in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 archive, conducting 20-year simulations for present (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) and future (2081-2100) climate conditions, considering the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate scenario. The evolution of the urban heat island of eight different cities, located on three continents, is quantified and assessed, with an unprecedented horizontal resolution of a few hundred meters. For all cities, urban and rural air temperatures are found to increase strongly, up to 7 °C. However, the urban heat island intensity in most cases increases only slightly, often even below the range of uncertainty. A potential explanation, focusing on the role of increased incoming longwave radiation, is put forth. Finally, an alternative method for generating urban climate projections is proposed, combining the ensemble temperature change statistics and the results of the present-day urban climate.

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“…Sea breezes can affect air quality (e.g., Papanastasious and Melas, 2009) and meteorological conditions (Grimmond et al, 2004) over coastal cities. Marine intrusions were even found to have implications for urban areas located further inland; for example, Chemel and Sokhi (2012) suggest they might alter urban heat island patterns for London. Therefore, detection of sea breezes could inform the prediction of local weather and air quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of sea‐breeze events around London using a fuzzy‐logic algorithm

Coceal

Bohnenstengel

Kotthaus

2018

Atmospheric Science Letters

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We present an algorithm for detecting sea breezes based on fuzzy logic, using changes in variables commonly measured at meteorological stations. The method is applied to 1 year's worth of UK Met Office data (2012) measured at several stations around London, UK. Results indicate about a dozen potential events over the year, when matched against corresponding detections at a coastal reference site (Gravesend). In some cases the time lags between corresponding events detected at different stations can be used to characterize the average propagation speed of the sea-breeze front. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.fuzzy logic, sea breezes, urban meteorology, wind changes

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Response of London’s Urban Heat Island to a Marine Air Intrusion in an Easterly Wind Regime

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Socio-economic Impacts—Urban Climate

Socio-economic Impacts—Urban Climate

Detailed Urban Heat Island Projections for Cities Worldwide: Dynamical Downscaling CMIP5 Global Climate Models

Detection of sea‐breeze events around London using a fuzzy‐logic algorithm

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