Response of kidney bean to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and mycorrhizal dependency in P and Zn deficient soils

Abstract

Since most of the Central Anatolian soils are P and Zn deficient, mycorrhizae may help plants to obtain sufficient nutrients from the soil without the need to apply additional chemical fertilizers. As far as is known, some plants are strongly mycorrhizal dependent for P nutrition, but less is known about the mycorrhizal dependence with Zn nutrition. Hypotheses were tested under P and Zn deficient soils to find out whether kidney bean plants are mycorrhizal dependent or not. Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were grown for 8 weeks in two widely distributed calcareous clay soils with low nutrient content from Central Anatolian Sultanö nü and Konya soils (sterilized by autoclaving). The experiment was conducted with three levels of phosphorus (0, 25, 125 mg P kg (1 soil), and two rates of Zn (0 and 5 mg Zn kg (1 soil) Two selected arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species (Glomus mosseae and G. etunicatum) were inoculated. In the Sultanö nü soil, mycorrhizal inoculation increased plant growth and P and Zn uptake. The positive effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant P content and uptake was found to be higher when higher levels of phosphorus were applied. The soil from Konya with a high concentration of boron inhibited normal growth of kidney bean plants. Mycorrhizal root colonization was different with mycorrhizal inoculation. Root colonization was not affected by P and Zn application, but it has been shown that the plant is strongly dependent on P nutrition, especially at low P application levels. However, although mycorrhizal inoculation increased plant concentration of Zn, plants were less dependent on Zn nutrition.

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in improving plant zinc nutrition under low soil zinc concentrations: a review

“…Effects of Zn addition on colonisation of roots by AMF vary considerably between different AMF. For example, colonisation of kidney bean (Phaseouls vulgaris L.) by G. etunicatum increased (24% to 92%) with a relatively small Zn addition (5 mg/kg) whereas G. mosseae did not (88% to 90%; see Ortas and Akpinar 2006). Edaphic factors were important in this study, as this difference between AMF was seen in one soil, but not another.…”

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on uptake of Zn and P by two contrasting rice genotypes

“…Recent evidences suggest that AMF can provide the dominant route for plant P supply, even when overall growth or P uptake remains unaffected (Smith et al 2003). Improved uptake of other mineral elements by mycorrhizal roots has also been demonstrated for nitrogen, potassium (George et al 1995) and for micronutrients such as Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn (Azcón et al 2003, Ortas andAkpinar 2006). It is well known that the Zn bioavailability is limited by low Zn mobility in the soil solution and then by spatial availability.…”

Development of Carrier Based in Vitro Produced Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inocula for Organic Agriculture

“…The physico-chemical characterization of treatments 14 and 15 revealed high levels of K, Zn, Mn, Cu and B as compared to the optimum carrier formulation (treatment 5). High concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu, B and K suppress spore germination, root colonization and mycelial growth of AM fungi [52][53][54][55][56].…”