Response of Corn (Zea mays), Soybean (Glycine max), and Several Weed Species to Dark-Applied Photodynamic Herbicide Modulators

Abstract

The photodynamic herbicidal performance of δ-aminolevulinic acid in combination with four chlorophyll biosynthesis modulators was evaluated under greenhouse conditions, using corn, soybean, and ten weed species. Treatments resulted in accumulation of various amounts of protoporphyrin IX and of monovinyl and divinyl Mg-protoporphyrin IX and protochlorophyllide. Accumulation of these tetrapyrroles was accompanied by various degrees of photodynamic injury, depending on treatment, plant species, and somewhat the modulator. The lower photodynamic susceptibility of dark monovinyl/light monovinyl and dark divinyl/light divinyl plants toward the accumulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlotophyllide, respectively, was attributed to their greater abilities to metabolize these protochlorophyllides in the light. On the other hand, the higher photodynamic susceptibility of the dark monovinyl/light divinyl weed species toward the accumulation of monovinyl protochlorophyllide was attributed to their lower ability to metabolize the accumulated monovinyl protochlorophyllide in the light.

Photodestruction of Tumor Cells by Induction of Endogenous Accumulation of Protoporphyrin Ix: Enhancement by 1, 10‐phenanthroline

“…This report describes the forced accumulation of Proto by rapidly proliferating mammalian cells via Treatment with Oph in addition to ALA doubled the amount of Proto accumulation and significantly increased specific cell lysis. In a variety of plant species, Oph has been shown to act as a potent primitive tetrapyrrole biosynthesis modulator, which induces the accumulation of Proto and Mg-Proto in treated plants (Mayasich et al, 1990;Nandihalli and Rebeiz. 1991).…”

5‐Aminolevulinic Acid: A Potential Herbicide/Insecticide from Microorganisms

“…A number of novel tetrapyrrole dependent photodynamic herbicidal modulators have already been screened . o-Phenanthroline (1,lO-phenanthroline) and its derivatives are one such group of potent photodynamic herbicide modulators (Nandihalli and Rebeiz, 1991) effective against a large number of weed species (Mayasich et al, 1990). Another very effective modulator is ethyl nicotinate (a simple vitamin derivative used for the defoliation of field-grown apple trees).…”

“…Extensive laboratory experiments concluded that ALA, along with a modulator, is very effective against many weed species. The target species and the ALA modulators are well worked out Mayasich et al, 1990). Apart from the laboratory studies, several field studies carried out with ALA along with a modulator proved that the combination is effective in controlling several broad leaf weeds in lawns and the defoliation of field-grown apple trees .…”

Effect of 1.10-phenanthroline, a photodynamic herbicide on the development and structure of maize chloroplasts

“…According to these authors treatment with A L A and 2.2'-B does not affect monocotyledonous plants. This species-dependent selectivity of such compounds and their molecular basis follow from different capabilities of tetrapyrrole accumulation by various plant tissues, uneven distribution of various Chl biosynthetic routes (Rebeiz et al 1984, Carey and Rebeiz 1985, Carey et al 1985, and application of different modulators (Rebeiz et al 1988, Mayasich et al 1990). …”