Response of citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) stages to various insecticides

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Egg and larval stages of citrus peelminer Marmara gulosa Guillén and Davis infesting zucchini squash Cucurbita pepo L. var ‘Revenue’ were exposed in the laboratory to a wide range of insecticide classes used in California citrus (organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, insect growth regulator, fermentation products and sulfur) to determine peelminer response with and without a non‐ionic adjuvant or oil. RESULTS: All of the insecticides tested except sulfur reduced egg hatch and mine initiation. When the larval stage was treated, only buprofezin failed to reduce larval and pupal development. Cyfluthrin and spinosad, with the addition of adjuvant or oil, and abamectin combined with oil allowed no survivors at 7 days after treatment (DAT). The slower‐acting insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron applied in combination with adjuvant or oil allowed no survival of peelminer 21 DAT. A field trial showed 62.6–68.5% reduction in mined citrus fruit after two applications of diflubenzuron and no significant improvement of control with the addition of cyfluthrin. CONCLUSION: Bioassays indicate that M. gulosa is relatively susceptible to a wide range of insecticide classes in the laboratory. Lack of efficacy experienced in field trials would then be due to characteristics of the fruit or canopy that limit coverage, rather than to the effectiveness of the insecticides. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

Temperature Thresholds and Degree-Day Model for Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

“…Arrows indicate generational peaks in Þrst instar larval occurrence. (Grafton-Cardwell et al 2008). In these studies, dißubenzuron and pyriproxyfen, cyßuthrin and fenpropathrin, imidacloprid and acetamiprid, and spinosad were shown to signiÞcantly reduce the percentage of egg hatch, which is essential for preventing rind damage.…”

Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle Protein (USP) Genes From Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley Eggs: Identification and Expression in Response to Insecticides

“…Ninety five percent reduction of egg viability was observed in Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Grambidae) eggs with a combination of 100 or 200 mg/L tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide (Trisyono and Chippendale, 1998). The egg hatchability of citrus peelminer, Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was reduced to between 0.75 and 41.25% after exposure to various insecticide treatments (Grafton-Cardwell et al, 2008). Methomyl and cartap hydrochloride exhibited high toxicity and caused mortality more than 80% of eggs of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (Silva et al, 2018).…”

Real-Time PCR to Phenotype Resistance to the Citrus Nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.

“…Populations tend to peak when resources are stable for a few weeks [8]. The abundance of feeder females in the roots is the best indicator of seasonal activity, and it is used to determine damaging thresholds in SD disease management [9]. Resistant rootstocks are those able to develop defense responses against female penetration into the root cortex and hamper the establishment of a permanent feeding site that inhibits reproduction.…”