Response of cantilever grandstands to crowd loads. Part 1: serviceability evaluation

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of human acceptance of vibration in grandstands. It adopts the BS frequency weighting methodology and uses the vibration dose value (VDV) as an indication of when adverse comments may be expected. Measurements were taken on a number of cantilever grandstands during concerts and football matches. These were analysed to determine peak accelerations and VDVs and some empirical relationships were derived. As human reaction at these events relates more to vibration tolerance than perception, it has been necessary to consider a logical extrapolation based on current BS guidance to suggest VDVs that are appropriate for grandstand vibration. The reactions and VDVs recorded on the grandstands appear to support this suggestion. The calculation of VDVs is also considered, but this depends to a great extent on the calculation of peak accelerations, which is considered in another paper. Finally a number of key points arising from this work are discussed.

15.15: Dynamic Analysis of Steel‐Concrete Composite Building Floors Subjected to Human Rhythmic Activities

“…When the MC-IV model was considered, the maximum response values on the building second floor decreases and were equal to equal to 1.02 m/s², 1.73 m/s² and 1.57 m/s 1.75 for unweighted peak accelerations, RMS weighted accelerations and VDV values, respectively. Finally, it must be emphasized that the dynamic analysis indicated that the steel-concrete composite building presents uncomfortable vibration levels to the persons practicing aerobics, according to design standards and technical recommendations [3,4,6,10]. The analysis of the dynamic structural response also revealed that the transmission of vibrations from the building's second floor to others floors can be annoying.…”

“…Concerning the human comfort analysis, it is worth to say that there is no generally agreed acceptance criterion for human rhythmic activities. In others words, several authors [3,4,6,10] have established comfort limits in function of acceleration assessment methods. This way, the human comfort of the floors of the analysed composite building was evaluated in terms of unweighted peak accelerations (ap), RMS weighted accelerations (aw,RMS) and vibration dose values, VDV.…”

Dynamic Analysis and Human Comfort Evaluation of Soccer Stadium Grandstands

“…After that, the dynamic structural response of the system is investigated, contemplating a critical analysis of the maximum acceleration values (peak accelerations), RMS accelerations and vibration dose values (VDV). This way, the studied grandstands dynamic structural response, obtained by numerical simulations, is compared to the limiting values proposed by several authors and design codes [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

People-Induced Vibrations of Civil Structures: Image-Based Measurement of Crowd Motion

“…At the moment, the only available strategy is related to vibration measurement. 7 This approach, however, is only related to the structural vibration monitoring, without considering crowd movement, which is the cause of the oscillation. This is because in the past no techniques were available to estimate crowd behavior.…”