Response of Broiler Chickens to Addition of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate and Roxarsone to Diets Containing Halofuginone

Two 4 x 2 factorial experiments were designed to test the effects of four diets, differing in anticoccidial programs and roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) content, and two lighting programs on the incidence of leg abnormalities in 56-d-old male and female broiler chickens. The four diets were: A) basal diet + salinomycin (60.0 g/ton); B) basal diet + salinomycin (60.0 g/ton) + roxarsone (45.4 g/ton); C) basal diet + roxarsone (45.4 g/ton) + live coccidial vaccine; and D) basal diet + live coccidial vaccine. The light treatments were: 1) restricted (R) [18 h light (L): 6 h dark (D)] and 2) standard (S) [23L:1D]. The respective experiments were conducted during winter (Experiment 1, November to January) and summer (Experiment 2, June to August) growing conditions in the southeastern U.S. Light treatment had no significant (P > 0.10) effect on the incidence of leg abnormalities in either experiment. However, in Experiment 1, there was a light treatment by sex interaction; leg abnormalities were greater for males on Treatment R than Treatment S. In Experiment 2, females had a higher incidence of leg abnormalities than males (8.29 vs 4.73%). There was a diet by sex interaction for the incidence of leg abnormalities in Experiment 2; females had a greater incidence of leg abnormalities than males on Treatment A. In both experiments, the incidence was greater with dietary treatments containing roxarsone (P < 0.10). The percentage of leg abnormalities was greater in Experiment 2 than Experiment 1. Leg abnormalities were primarily due to fibrosis of the gastrocnemius tendons and tendon sheaths.

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Use of Antibiotics and Roxarsone in Broiler Chickens in the USA: Analysis for The Years 1995 to 2000

Chapman

Johnson

2002

Poultry Science

167

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In 1995, an antibiotic (ANT) was used in starter, grower, and withdrawal (WD) feeds by 94.3, 98.2, and 75.1% of broiler production units, but by 2000, ANT use had declined to 64.8, 66.9, and 48.1% respectively. Roxarsone (ROX) was used in the starter and grower feeds by 69.8 and 73.9% of production units. Bacitracin (BAC) was used more frequently than other antibiotics in the starter and grower feed. Virginiamycin (VIR) was used most frequently in the WD feed. Most units (69.4%) reported use of two different antibiotics. The use of programs comprising two ANT decreased, whereas programs with a single ANT increased during the period of study. A combination of ionophore (ION) + ROX + ANT was employed most frequently in the starter and grower feeds, whereas an ANT alone was used most frequently in the WD ration. The use of ION + ROX + ANT declined from 1995 to 2000, but use of ION + ROX increased. There were no significant differences in calorie conversion whether plants used ION + ROX + ANT, ION + ROX, or ION + ANT. The number of days to rear birds to 2.27 kg was significantly greater for production units using ION + ROX. Mortality was lower for units that used ION + ROX + ANT and ION + ROX than for those that used ION + ANT. Production units that used ION + ANT were more likely to rear birds to a weight greater than 2.5 kg than to 2.0 to 2.5 kg. Units in the South and Central states were more likely to use an ION + ROX than those in the Northeast and Atlantic states, whereas for ION + ROX + ANT the reverse was the case. The cost of medicating with ION + ROX + ANT decreased from 1995 to 1998.

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Response of Broiler Chickens to Addition of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate and Roxarsone to Diets Containing Halofuginone

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Dietary Roxarsone Level on Leg Condition of Male Broilers

Effect of Dietary Roxarsone Level on Leg Condition of Male Broilers

Effects of dietary roxarsone supplementation, lighting program, and season on the incidence of leg abnormalities in broiler chickens

Use of Antibiotics and Roxarsone in Broiler Chickens in the USA: Analysis for The Years 1995 to 2000

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